Influence of glycemic control on the experience of caries and periodontal disease in type 1 diabetic patients
Keywords:
Type 1 diabetes mellitus, Periodontal disease, Dental cariesAbstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia as a response to a relative or total lack of insulin and is considered by the World Health Organization to be a global epidemic that affects approximately 194 million people worldwide. Diabetes mellitus has also commonly been associated with periodontal disease and dental caries. This study aimed to investigate the experience of caries and periodontal disease (gingivitis) in patients with diabetes mellittus type 1 - DM 1 (Group 1 - G1), representing approximately 10% of the group of individuals with diabetes mellitus, as compared to the control group (CG) of patients without diabetes mellitus (WDM). The sample consisted of 25 DM1 (G1) patients and 25 WDM patients (CG), matched by sex and age. The rates of teeth, missing and filled (DMF-T); visible plaque index (VPI); gingival bleeding index (ISG); salivary flow; and frequency of brushing, correlated with glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting glucose, were analyzed and compared with the control group. The results of the Mann-Whitney test showed no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between the mean values of the DMF-T between the groups. Upon comparing the rates for brushing and salivary flow (the Chi-Square test and Mann-Whitney test), and VPI and ISG (Student t test for independent samples), no significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05) could be observed. When the data were correlated to ISG, VPI, DMF-T, and salivary flow with values of glycated hemoglobin, fasting glucose and salivary flow, the test results of the Mann-Whitney test proved to be statistically insignificant (p>0.05). According to the sample, there was no difference between the experience of caries and periodontal disease (gingivitis) between the groups.
Downloads
References
Belfort R, Oliveira JEP. Mortalidade por diabetes mellitus e outras causas no município do Rio de Janeiro: diferenças por sexo e idade. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2001;45:460-6.
Costa CC, Resende GB, Souza JM, Tavares SS, Almeida ICSS; Filho CC. Estudo das manifestações bucais em crianças com diabetes e suas variaves de correlação. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2004;48:374-78.
Ferreira SRG, Vannuci MG. Noções de diabetes mellitus para o não especialista. In: Brunetti MC. Periodontia Médica. SENAC; 2004. p.150-70.
Moore PA, Guggenheimer J, Etzel KR, Weaint RJ, Orchard T. Type 1 diabetes mellitus, xerostomia, and salivary flow rate. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 2001;92:281-91.
Vernillo AT. Dental considerations for the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus. J Am Dent Assoc. 2003;134:24S-33S.
Twetman S, Petersson GH, Bratthall D. Caries risk assessment as a predictor of metabolic control in young type 1 diabetics. Diabet Med. 2005;22:312-5.
Blanco JJA, Villar BB, Martinez EJ,Vallejo OS, Blanco JA. Problemas bucodentales en pacientes con diabetes mellitus (1): índice de placa y caries dental. Med Oral. 2003;8:97-109.
Orbak R, Simsek S, Orbak Z, Kavrut F, Colak M. The influence of type-1 diabetes mellitus on dentition and health in children and adolescents. Yonsei Med J. 2008;49:357-65.
Miralles L, Silvestre FJ, Hernandez-Mijares A, Garcia-Moreno G. Estudio clínico sobre la patologia bucodentaria en el paciente diabético tipo 1. Med Oral. 2002;7:298-302.
Karjalainen KM, Knuutilla MLE, Käär ML. Relationship between caries and level of metabolic balance in children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Caries Res. 1997;31:13-8.
López ME, Páez RG, Abarracín M, Granito S, Chervonagura A, Bazán C. Evaluación clínica de niños diabéticos relacionada al estado de salud bucal: clinical evaluation of diabetic children in relation to oral health status. Acta Odontol Venez. 1998;36:13-8.
Bacic M, Ciglar I, Granic M, Plancak D, Sutalo J. Dental status in a group of adult diabetic patients. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1989;17:313-6.
Miralles L, Silvestre FJ, Hernandez-Mijares A, Bautista D, Llambes F, Grau D. Dental caries in type 1 diabetics: influence of systemic factors of disease upon the development of dental caries. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2005;11:E256-60.
Amaral FMF, Ramos PG, Ferreira SR. Estudo da frequência de cárie e fatores associados no diabetes mellitus tipo 1. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2006;50:515-22.
Mealey BL, OatesTW. Diabetes mellitus and periodontal diseases. J Periodontol. 2006;77:1289-303.
Cairo F, Rotundo R, Frazzubgari G, Muzzi L, Pini Prato GP. Diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for periodontitis. Minerva Stomatol. 2001;50:321- 30.
Wehba C, Rodrigues AS, Soares FP. Diabetes e doença periodontal: uma relação bidirecional. In: Brunetti MC. Periodontia Médica. SENAC; 2004. p.172-95.
Tárzia O. Importância do fluxo salivar com relação à saúde bucal. CECADE News.1993;1:13-7.
Ainamo J, Bay I. Problems and proposals for recording gingivitis and plaque. Int Dent J. 1975;25:229-35.
Klein H, Palmer CE. Studies on dental caries x a procedures for the recording and statistical processing of dental examination findings. J Dent Res.1940;19:243-56.
Eklund SA, Moller IJ, Leclercq MH. Calibração de examinadores para levantamentos epidemiológicos em saúde bucal. Disponível em http://www.gosc.ufsc.br/bcalibracao.pdf.
Siudikienè J, Maciulskienè V, Dobrovolskienè, Nedzelskiené I. Oral higiene in children with type 1 diabetes melitus. Stomatol Balt Dent Maxillofac J. 2005;7:24-7.
Dodds MWJ, Dodds AP. Efects of glycemic on saliva flow rates and protein composition in noninsulin- dependent diabetes mellitus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1997;83:465-70.
Alves C, Brandão M, Andion J, Menezes R, Carvalho F. Atendimento odontológico do paciente com diabetes melito: recomendações para pratica clínica. Rev Ciên Méd Biol. 2006;5:97–110.
Júnior ABN, Andrade PF, Macedo GO, Rosa AMT, Castelhanos A. Diabetes mellitus: interrelação da doença periodontal e diabetes mellitus. Odontologia Baseada em evidências. 2009;2:4-14.
Carda C, Lloreda, NM, Salom J, Ferraris, MEG, Peydro, A. Structural and functional salivary disorders in type 2 diabetic patients. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2006;11:E309-14.
