O periódico Cadernos do Leste (1679-5806) é o periódico acadêmico revisado por pares do Laboratório de Estudos Territoriais (Leste) do Instituto de Geociências (IGC) da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Foi publicado pela primeira vez em 2000, é circulado anualmente, por meio de publicações impressas e acesso on-line. O foco principal da publicação é divulgar importantes pesquisas científicas originais nas áreas das geociências e dos estudos territoriais, bem como notícias relacionadas a políticas científicas e outros assuntos de interesse a pesquisadores ou que tenham implicações para a geociências e geotecnologias. Embora seja a revista do Laboratório de Estudos Territoriais, são aceitos trabalhos de toda a comunidade acadêmica que tenham pertinência com o escopo do periódico, que foi classificado recentemente como B2 pela Capes (2017-2020). O Cadernos do Leste está sediado na sala 335 do IGC/UFMG.
Laboratório de Estudos Territoriais - Leste (IGC/UFMG)
Inequalities in High School Performance in Minas Gerais: A Spatial Approach
This paper analyzes high school achievement across municipalities in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, with an emphasis on the territorial dimension of educational inequalities. By integrating microdata from the National Upper Secondary Education Examination (ENEM) and the School Census, the study examines performance differences between public and private schools, as well as the existence of spatial patterns in average municipal achievement. The results confirm systematic performance differentials between the public and private sectors, with a consistent advantage for private schools. The observed average gap is approximately 100 points at the national level and 119 points in Minas Gerais, although private institutions represent a relatively small share of upper secondary schools. Spatial analysis shows that school achievement is not randomly distributed across the territory, revealing the presence of municipalities classified as hotspots, which suggests the influence of specific local factors on educational performance. Overall, the findings indicate that the public upper secondary education system in Minas Gerais has a structure capable of ensuring reasonable levels of school achievement, contributing to the broader debate on education, territory, and public policy.
Conflicts Over Land Use and Land Cover in Riparian Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs) in Miracema, RJ
For this study, "conflict" is understood as areas where land use and land cover are incompatible with the environmental function of riparian Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs), as well as with their legal classification. Inadequate occupation of APPs can lead to various environmental problems, such as soil degradation, water contamination, among other impacts that compromise ecosystem balance and the preservation of water resources. Thus, this study aims to analyze and quantify land use and land cover within the Permanent Preservation Areas in the municipality of Miracema/RJ, using map algebra through an open-source geographic information system to identify potential conflicts occurring in the area. The results revealed the existence of incompatible uses within the Permanent Preservation Areas, generating conflicts, with agricultural activities being the most prominent land use in these areas. Another important finding is that most of the conflict-free areas are located within a municipal Conservation Unit, highlighting the key role of the Conservation Unit in preserving the municipality's riparian APPs. The study underscores the need for environmental regularization measures and sustainable land management policies to mitigate conflicts between land use and land cover and the conservation of Permanent Preservation Areas in the municipality.
Identification of Hotspots and Spatial Patterns of Traffic Crashes in Fortaleza (CE) in 2024
This study analyzed the spatial distribution of traffic crashes in Fortaleza by integrating three methods: Nearest Neighbor Analysis (NNA), Kernel Density Estimation (KDE), and Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA). The results showed that crash events are not randomly distributed but exhibit a strong clustering pattern, as indicated by Nearest Neighbor Index (NNI) values below 1 and significantly negative Z-scores. KDE allowed the identification of high-density corridors, particularly along BR-116 and major arterial roads, while LISA highlighted local spatial structures, revealing persistent High–High clusters and critical outliers located in specific segments of the road network. Findings demonstrated that fatal crashes are concentrated on high-hierarchy, high-speed roads, whereas property-damage-only crashes display a more diffuse pattern associated with densely urbanized areas. Overall, the analysis indicates that traffic crash distribution in Fortaleza is shaped by structural factors related to road configuration, land use, and mobility dynamics, reinforcing the need for localized, spatially oriented interventions. The results confirm the relevance of integrating spatial analytical methods as a support tool for urban planning and road safety management.
Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA)
Contributions of Barreiro's marginal literature to the world-place
This work presents investigations into the contributions of peripheral literature—treated here as marginal literature, to maintain coherence with the expression used by the actors of the local literary scene—from Barreiro, a regional administration of Belo Horizonte (MG), to the construction of the Barreiro Place in the world. To this end, in the introduction, the authors contextualize the reality of the chosen spatial unit, highlighting the elements and variables that most reveal the constitution of the poetic action of the place, as well as justifying and explaining the objectives of the study. In the development section, the authors conduct a theoretical review of authors who have produced significant discussions on the place-world relationship. This review constructs an analytical line that starts from the totality and arrives at the place, relating the existing forms in the space with the theoretical contributions of the reference authors. Next, the methodology employed in the research is explained, followed by the development of interviews with poets and authors of marginal literature from Barreiro, as well as the analysis of written productions and presentations of this production to the local community. An analysis of the transformations that the marginal literary process produces in the place is also carried out, seeking to reconstruct the relationship between the Place of Barreiro and the world. Finally, the authors present their considerations on the work developed.
A DIVIDED CITY: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE FORMATION OF THE TERRITORY OF BELO HORIZONTE AND THE DECHARACTERIZATION OF THE CITY OF SANTA LUZIA-MG
Abstract: This theoretical review analyzes the process of formation and expansion of the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte (RMBH), highlighting how socio-spatial segregation has constituted a structuring element in the production of urban space since the genesis of the capital of Minas Gerais. The founding of Belo Horizonte, conceived under republican and modernist ideals, was based on an exclusionary project that privileged the political and economic elites, displacing the low-income population to peripheral areas. This segregating logic was reproduced and intensified throughout the 20th century, especially with the industrialization and institutionalization of the RMBH in the decades from 1940 to 1970, when housing policies such as those of the National Housing Bank (BNH) consolidated the expulsion of the popular classes to the urban fringes. In the contemporary context, the expansion to the northern axis of the capital and the implementation of large urban projects—such as the Linha Verde (Green Line) and the Cidade Administrativa (Administrative City)—have reaffirmed this dynamic, boosting real estate appreciation and territorial fragmentation. The case of Santa Luzia exemplifies this process: the district of São Benedito, formed mostly by migrants, has become a space marked by the absence of local identity and socioeconomic dependence on Belo Horizonte. The city, of historical and imperial origin, suffers cultural erasure as it is incorporated into the capitalist metropolitan logic. Thus, the research shows that Belo Horizonte, by reproducing its model of segregation, extends its influence and dominance over the surrounding cities, transforming them into peripheral extensions of its own urban territory.
Socio-spatial segmentation of apartment transactions in Belo Horizonte, Brazil in 2010 and 2022
Interconnected with the production of urban space, real estate markets are configured as complex expressions of economic, political, and social processes operating across multiple scales. Their formation and structure are linked, among other factors, to different stages of capital accumulation, to micro and macroeconomic dynamics, to urban and regulatory policies, and to the social division of space itself. Based on data on property characteristics, market variables, and income levels, this study carries out an exercise of socio-spatial segmentation of the residential apartment market in Belo Horizonte in 2010 and 2022. The results reveal strong socio-spatial segregation, highlighting a real estate production directed toward the elites and a tendency, over time, toward a relative homogenization of submarkets, a process that we consider to be associated with the aging of the housing stock and that reaffirms and consolidates inequalities previously produced in urban space.
An essay for the anthropocene: Using the sustainable city development index to analyze planetary pressures in the legal amazon planning region
Abstract: This study aims to analyze planetary pressures and sustainable human development in the states comprising the Legal Amazon, considering the interrelation between per capita CO2 emissions, aggregated municipal sustainability indicators (IDSC), and economic dimension (IDHM Income). The research is based on the understanding that the region faces significant environmental and social challenges resulting from decades of territorial occupation, unsustainable economic models, and weak institutional consolidation, highlighting the need for integrated and differentiated public policies. For this purpose, secondary data from all the Legal Amazon’s federative units were collected, including sectoral information on CO2 emissions provided by SEEG, as well as IDSC indicators aggregated at the state level weighted by population. The methodology involves data standardization, construction of comparable indices, and Pearson correlation analysis to identify relationships between environmental pressures and sustainable development. Additionally, the Bivariate Moran’s Index will be applied to assess spatial patterns of autocorrelation between CO2 emissions and sustainability indices, enabling the identification of regional clusters of higher vulnerability or resilience. Preliminary results indicate that states with higher per capita emissions, particularly those with intensive deforestation and agricultural activity, face significant challenges in reconciling economic growth with environmental preservation. The IDSC analysis suggests disparities in sustainability performance, reflecting historical, social, and institutional heterogeneities. Integrating these data with IDHM Income will allow evaluation of how economic conditions influence environmental costs and regional sustainability. In summary, the study seeks to provide a comprehensive and preliminary overview of planetary pressures and limits in the Legal Amazon, contributing to improved environmental monitoring and the formulation of more effective public policies tailored to the region’s territorial complexity.
Segurança ou destruição? O sistema Mão Morta Soviético
O presente trabalho analisa o sistema nuclear soviético denominado Mão Morta (Perimetr), desenvolvido na década de 1980 no contexto da Guerra Fria, concebido como mecanismo de retaliação automática destinado a assegurar a resposta nuclear mesmo diante da destruição da cadeia de comando político e militar da União Soviética. O problema de pesquisa consiste em avaliar de que forma esse sistema, ao conjugar tecnologia e estratégia militar, influenciou a lógica da dissuasão nuclear e os equilíbrios de poder internacionais. O estudo tem como objetivos situar historicamente a criação do Mão Morta, descrever sua lógica de funcionamento, analisar seus efeitos sobre a doutrina da destruição mútua assegurada (MAD – Mutually Assured Destruction) e refletir sobre sua atualidade frente aos desafios contemporâneos de segurança, como a automação militar e os riscos da cibersegurança. Conclui-se que a relevância do sistema transcende seu caráter histórico, pois ilustra a tensão permanente entre a busca por segurança nacional e a possibilidade de destruição global, reafirmando a importância de mecanismos multilaterais de controle e limitação do armamento nuclear.
LOCAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE GEOGRAPHY OF EXCLUSION: favela as an economic subject
This paper discusses the favela not as an urban anomaly, but as a functional element within a model of unequal development that shapes regional and local dynamics in Brazil. From the perspective of Economic Geography, it critically analyzes the favela as a strategic space for the functioning of the formal city, even as it is consistently neglected by policies of inclusion and territorial justice. Although stigmatized and institutionally rendered invisible, the favela also constitutes an economic subject—that is, a territory exploited, appropriated, and commodified by the urban-capitalist system, while its inhabitants are not fully recognized as rights-bearing subjects or as agents of development. The central aim of the article is to highlight the structural role of the favela in the process of Brazilian urbanization, showing how these territories are incorporated into the urban fabric in a subordinate yet essential manner. It seeks to denaturalize the idea of marginality by demonstrating that the favela not only resists the logic of the formal city but also sustains it, both economically and socially. In doing so, the authors call for a shift in perspective: from viewing the favela as an “urban problem” to recognizing it as a space of value production and reproduction of life. The methodology adopted is qualitative and theoretical, based on bibliographic review and critical analysis informed by the contributions of Economic Geography. The discussion draws on both classical and contemporary authors to interpret the role of the favela in the dynamics of urban capital, considering the unequal appropriation of territory and the processes of exclusion and accumulation that characterize urbanization in the peripheries of capitalism. In a deliberately non-conclusive approach, the paper acknowledges that the favela, as an economic subject and a territory of contradictions, resists definitive analyses. Its complexity challenges linear responses and calls for multiple, situated interpretations that remain open to ongoing revision.
Nosso objetivo, neste trabalho, é investigar o funcionamento discursivo da contradição na reportagem intitulada “Desembargador é suspeito de manter mulher surda, que nunca aprendeu Libras, em trabalho análogo à escravidão por 37 anos”, exibida pelo Fantástico, em 11 de junho de 2023 e que também circulou no G1, portal de notícias online do grupo Globo, um dos maiores conglomerados de mídia da América Latina. A Análise de Discurso, fundada por Michel Pêcheux na França e reterritorializada, no Brasil, por Eni Orlandi e por demais pesquisadores que elegem o discurso como objeto de estudo fornece o dispositivo teórico-analítico para respaldar as análises, e para observar como se dá o embate entre diferentes formações discursivas, uma vez que o sujeito que deveria fazer cumprir as leis, conforme o discurso jornalístico, as infringe, ao privar um sujeito surdo (sob seu domínio) de aprender a Língua Brasileira de Sinais – Libras, meio legal de comunicação e expressão da comunidade surda do Brasil, que garante aos sujeitos surdos o direito de se significar e de significar o mundo, constituindo-se em sujeito.
Comparative study of spatial interpolators IDW and SPLINE for pluviometric data in Northern Minas
Interpolation is an essential mathematical method in the spatialization of environmental data. It is a widely used technique to estimate unknown values of continuous phenomena, between sampled points. In precipitation data, interpolation is a straightforward and accessible alternative for spatializing these data over large areas. The main objective of this research is to evaluate two deterministic interpolation methods: Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) and Spline, applied to the analysis of pluviometric data. The study area encompasses the North of Minas Gerais, a dry region with high temperatures and limited water availability. Data from 99 rain gauge stations were used for the year 2022, 68 of which are within the northern mesoregion and the other 31 outside it, within a 50 km buffer. The processing involved the use of IDW and Spline methods, with cross-validation and accuracy metrics including Mean Error (ME), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Squared Error (MSE), and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE). The descriptive analysis of the data revealed significant variability in precipitation. Cross-validation metrics indicated a slight superiority of Spline over IDW. It is concluded that Spline is more effective in interpolating precipitation data in the region, and it is recommended to explore geostatistical methods, such as Kriging, in future studies for a more comprehensive approach.
Uma Análise sobre a Natureza Ideológica do Fascismo e do Nazismo
Este estudo examina a tentativa de vinculação do fascismo e do nazismo às ideologias de esquerda, esclarecendo distorções ideológicas e oferecendo uma análise histórica, comparativa e teórica. Demonstrou-se que tanto o fascismo quanto o nazismo são manifestações da extrema direita, baseadas em princípios de autoritarismo, nacionalismo exacerbado e rígidas hierarquias sociais. A estratégia do Partido Nazista de se autodenominar "socialista" revelou-se uma manobra propagandística sem relação com os valores centrais do socialismo, como a igualdade social e a luta de classes. A revisão bibliográfica e a análise histórica confirmam que essas ideologias foram reações violentas contra os ideais progressistas e promoveram regimes de opressão e discriminação, evidenciado pela perseguição a socialistas, comunistas e outros opositores. O estudo reforça a importância de um debate acadêmico fundamentado para desmistificar as interpretações errôneas e reafirma a necessidade de vigilância contínua contra as ideologias autoritárias, destacando a relevância dos valores democráticos e o compromisso com a preservação da ordem social e política
Indicadores de Saúde Sexual e Reprodutiva: um estudo para as macrorregiões de saúde de Minas Gerais utilizando registros administrativos, 2017-2021
Brazil, one of the pioneers in the development of Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) policies on the continent, still faces challenges in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. In this work, we use only continuous and administrative public access records, with the advantages and disadvantages that this entails. Eighteen SRH health indicators were constructed according to the health macro-regions of the State of Minas Gerais, for two periods (2017-2019 and 2020-2021). Beyond the profiles obtained from the SRH indicators, a Synthesis Index is presented, revealing worse conditions in the Northeast, East, and Southern Triangle regions, in contrast to the Extreme South, South, and Northern Triangle regions, which stand out with the best indicators. The existing inequalities between the macro-regions reveal the negative impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on some of them, especially maternal mortality.
Análise fatorial para identificação da vulnerabilidade social ao risco climático de inundações em Nova Lima/MG
Vulnerabilidade é um dos termos chave na bibliografia de mudanças climáticas. É comumente dividida entre biofísica e socioeconômica. Essa pode ser entendida como contexto social em que o perigo opera e aponta a capacidade social desigual de preparação, resposta e adaptação a esses perigos climáticos. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo mapear a vulnerabilidade socioeconômica dos setores censitários do município de Nova Lima/MG na perspectiva das mudanças climáticas e o risco climático à inundação. Para tanto, foi gerado um índice de vulnerabilidade através de Análise Fatorial e utilizando variáveis extraídas do Censo Demográfico de 2010. Foi identificada autocorrelação espacial entre o índice. Em Nova Lima, grande parte do município não apresentou vulnerabilidade socioeconômica no ano de 2010. Isso tem como causa o grande vazio urbano no limite no município e o perfil demográfico de algumas áreas urbanizadas. As variáveis com maior influência no índice são relacionadas à renda, gênero e raça. Por fim, ainda que com limitação temporal, o trabalho contribui para a elaboração de um modelo que pode ser reproduzido e alimentado com variáveis atualizadas e então refletir cenários mais atuais de vulnerabilidade
Decomposition of the Total Fertility Rate in Brazil, 1980-2010
The main objective of this study is to present time series (1980 to 2010) of tempo, quantum and parity composition effects, both global and by birth order, obtained through the application of the Kohler and Ortega decomposition model (KO Model). I used the microdata from reconstructed birth histories derived from the Demographic Censuses of 1991, 2000, and 2010. The results indicate that changes in fertility in Brazil over the past decades have not been limited to the decline in the total fertility rate. During part of the fertility transition, timing and parity effects contributed to an increase in observed fertility, slowing down the decline. Since the mid-1990s, tempo effect has been reinforcing the fertility decline; however, at the end of the period, the parity composition effect compensates for the timing effect. Additionally, fertility has been increasingly concentrated in lower birth orders, accompanied by an increase in the average age of fertility. The emerging trends, if they persist, are likely to further reduce the Brazilian fertility, with implications for population aging and overall population growth.
Spatial Modeling of Amazonian Deforestation
The major challenge in establishing a socioeconomic development function for a potential for environmental degradation, as in the specific case of deforestation, consists of obtaining measurements of a set of variables that gives some indication of the behavior of the dependent variable over the near future. Therefore, spatially exploring the variables that most explain Amazonian deforestation, with the aim of achieving a parsimonious model, capable of shedding light on the behavior of environmental degradation in this region, in the near future, is what this work is aiming for. Based on the statistical exploration of variables, directly or indirectly, involved in the Amazonian deforestation process, this study aimed to develop classical and spatial linear models that establish functional relationships between these variables and the fraction deforested in the municipality, that is, percentage of the original deforested forest area. These objectives were achieved through the following steps: statistical exploration of economic and demographic variables involved, directly or indirectly, in the Amazon deforestation process; elaboration of mathematical transformations in the selected variables, in order to obtain the best adjustment between each one of them and their respective dependent variables; estimation of classical linear models that established functional relationships between these variables and deforestation; application of spatial autocorrelation tests in previous modeling; and, finally, estimation of spatial models of Amazonian deforestation. It is also intended that the estimated models support the simulation of future scenarios capable of integrating socioeconomic variations in the region and their impacts on the level of deforestation
IMPACT OF WATER BODY CONTAMINATION ON THE CAPACITY OF VEGETATION TO MITIGATE AIR POLLUTION
This study investigates environmental awareness among Technical High School students regarding water resources, exploring their perceptions of contamination, environmental protection, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The context underscores a growing global concern for preserving aquatic ecosystems and sustainable water management, emphasizing the pivotal role of environmental education. The identified problem addresses the need to assess students' awareness of environmental issues, particularly concerning water resources, and to explore their perceptions and knowledge of environmental protection and restoration measures. The methodology involved structured interviews with Technical High School students, followed by quantitative data analysis using representative graphs of students' perceptions. The justification for this study lies in the importance of understanding and promoting environmental awareness among young people, preparing them to actively engage in future environmental sustainability. The study concludes with findings of robust environmental awareness among students regarding challenges faced by water resources, including contamination and the imperative for sustainable policies and practices. While students demonstrate understanding of the benefits of environmental protection and water-related SDGs, there remains a continual need to enhance environmental education and increase awareness of these critical issues.
Desenvolvimento e validação de um mapa de declividade de vias para o Município de Belo Horizonte-MG com fins de administração pública
The current study focused on calculating slope information for each segment of Belo Horizonte's road network. Despite the apparent simplicity facilitated by precise geographic data from the city's cartographic database and official road network, the process and outcomes represented an innovative approach in public administration, particularly in transportation planning and management. The aim was to enrich Belo Horizonte's road database with details on minimum, average, and maximum slopes per segment, along with other factors like pavement type, width, and clearance, crucial for transportation and urban logistics planning. All segments of the municipal road network, totaling over 4000 km, underwent processing. The slope data underwent cartographic validation, confirming its suitability for the research. This project's uniqueness and results position the Transport Authority of Belo Horizonte (BHTRANS) at the forefront of geoprocessing application in urban transportation planning and management. The widespread attention and public interest in the research findings underscore the significance of road slope information in shaping policies related to mobility, accessibility, safety, and efficiency in urban transportation.
Geoprocessing; Slope; Transport; Public administration.
A dinâmica da segregação socioespacial no município de Belo Horizonte, a partir da teoria crítica: uma aplicação da modelagem por equações estruturais
While the city is seen as a combination of development, innovation and modernity, it also reveals social disparities related to spatial segregation. Precarious housing, lack of basic sanitation, salary differences and income concentration are characteristic elements of urban spaces that form deep-rooted socio-spatial segregation. The analyzes that will follow will be guided by critical social theory, which suggests that the spaces occupied by the richest social classes have the capacity to organize the spaces around them, meeting their own social, economic and political demands. Furthermore, this theory will have Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) as an analysis tool, which aims to confirm the proposed critical theoretical structure, through statistical analyses, mainly Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The results proved to be in line with the theory, in addition to revealing that income concentration is an index that should not be restricted to determining the proportion of inequality and poverty.
Mortality due to Chagas disease in the Brazil from 1996 to 2019
This article objectively analyzes the spatial distribution of deaths, which occurred between 1996 and 2021, whose basic cause was Chagas disease (CD). The methodology was based on the verification of spatial autocorrelation based on the Global Moran Index and the Local Moran Index (LISA) in its univariate form, used to investigate the distribution of the Average Mortality Rate due to CD. The results showed the presence of clusters formed from groups of Brazilian municipalities with high values of Average Mortality Rate due to CD, mainly in the states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Tocantins, Piauí and Bahia.
Regional teenager fertility differentials: a retrospective analysis
The main objective of this study is to analyze, from a regional perspective, changes and permanencies in socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of women from two different birth cohorts who had their first child during their teenagers’ years. The characteristics of these women are compared with those of women of the same generation, but who did not have a child during adolescence. Microdata from the Demographic Brazilian Censuses of 1980 and 2010 was used to reconstruct birth histories. The results indicate that the characteristics of women who had children while in their teenagers’ years are, in general, different from those who had children after 20 years of age or had no children. However, among the analyzed socioeconomic and demographic variables, the only one that can be negatively associated with teen pregnancy is education, because despite the increased educational coverage observed in the country, in the two periods analyzed, teenager mothers had more difficulty to fully complete their education.
Este artigo analisa o Pacto de Varsóvia, uma aliança militar durante a Guerra Fria, e seu impacto nas relações internacionais. O Pacto de Varsóvia foi criado em 1955 como uma resposta à rivalidade entre os Estados Unidos e a União Soviética. O artigo explora suas origens nas conferências pós-guerra, como a Conferência de Yalta e a Conferência de Potsdam, que delinearam a nova ordem mundial. Durante a Guerra Fria, o Pacto de Varsóvia desempenhou um papel fundamental como uma contraparte militar do bloco oriental, liderado pela União Soviética. Suas operações militares na Hungria e na Tchecoslováquia, bem como a intervenção no Afeganistão, destacam a determinação do bloco em manter sua influência a qualquer custo. O artigo também aborda a expansão da OTAN em direção ao leste após o colapso do Pacto de Varsóvia, que gerou tensões com a Rússia e influenciou o cenário geopolítico atual. Além disso, destaca a importância da perestroika, implementada por Mikhail Gorbachev, na queda do Pacto de Varsóvia e na dissolução da União Soviética. O legado do Pacto de Varsóvia inclui divisões políticas persistentes na Europa, influências nas políticas de segurança e tensões entre a Rússia e o Ocidente. O artigo conclui enfatizando como os eventos históricos continuam a influenciar o cenário global e a importância de aprender com o passado para moldar o futuro das relações internacionais.
What will be the future of Cerrado in the Northern of Minas Gerais?
This study is based on the discussion between the guidelines of Economic Development, Infrastructure, and Conservation of the Cerrado biome, through a case study, in order to reflect on a landscape management that better aligns economic growth and environmental sustainability. The objective is to understand changes in land use and their trends in the municipalities of Pirapora/MG and Buritizeiro/MG, in order to build a picture of the economic reality and the main anthropogenic forces that affect not only the cities, but the Cerrado as well. a valuable ecosystem. A Land Use and Cover Change Model (LUCC) was estimated to simulate land use patterns on the landscape's native vegetation until 2030, in case the trends, which are shaping up in the study region, become effective in the long term. The data and projected scenarios have shown the need to think about economic and governance models that prioritize the protection and conservation of the Cerrado. Otherwise, the most likely scenario will be the consolidation of a pessimistic scenario, with the intensification of the Cerrado fragmentation process.
Desafios do controle ambiental dos recursos hídricos
As Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APPs) possuem o intuito de salvaguardar áreas ambientalmente vulneráveis e os recursos naturais, tais como as matas ciliares. O Ribeirão da Mata é o curso d’água principal da bacia que leva seu nome, e dela fazem parte oito municípios da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (RMBH), representando um importante recurso para as atividades produtivas urbanas e rurais desses municípios. Este estudo analisou o uso e cobertura da terra e seu conflito nas zonas de APP ao longo de seu curso. A partir dos resultados obtidos, constatou-se que classe de áreas conservadas representam 54% e as áreas antropizadas ocupam 46% da APP, entretanto, essa porcentagem varia na escala do município, visto que as características quanto as principais atividades produtivas e a urbanização tendem a ser distintas nesses limites geopolíticos. Espera-se, com essas informações, subsidiar o poder público em relação ao planejamento urbano, assim como o controle e fiscalização das áreas destinadas à proteção e preservação das matas ciliares para garantir a estabilidade dos recursos hídricos.
Recursos hídricos; Matas Ciliares; Áreas Antropizadas; Áreas Conservadas; Planejamento Urbano.
Agência, autonomia e alienação no cotidiano de motoristas de aplicativo
Uma das transformações mais significativos observadas no mundo do trabalho nas últimas décadas foi o surgimento do “trabalho de aplicativo” ou “de plataforma”. A novidade do tema tem desafiado os estudiosos a desenvolverem novos arcabouços conceituais que expliquem as principais características dessas formas de organização do trabalho e seus impactos nas sociedades contemporâneas. O presente artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada com motoristas de aplicativo no Estado de Minas Gerais em 2021. Nosso objetivo é entender as percepções dos trabalhadores sobre essa modalidade de trabalho e quais estratégias comportamentais eles adotam para permanecer na função. Os resultados indicam que os trabalhadores desenvolvem performances em seu cotidiano baseadas em adaptações e “jogos de cintura” em que tentam equilibrar-se entre valores individuais, expectativas dos consumidores e vigilância das plataformas. Essas novas formas de sociabilidade ocorrem em um contexto de restrição da ação social que articulam, de forma inovadora, elementos como agência, autonomia e alienação do trabalhador no século XXI
YOUTH AND ADULT EDUCATION (EJA) AND SPECIAL EDUCATION: the challenges of plural education, between integration, inclusion and rights
Resumo: Pretende-se neste trabalho refletir sobre um dos principais objetivos do artigo 26º da Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos (DUDH) referente ao direito à educação, tendo em vista o acesso “tardio” de jovens, adultos e pessoas com necessidades especiais ao ensino formal. A educação de jovens e adultos (EJA) consiste em uma modalidade de ensino que busca garantir os direitos educativos às pessoas que não tiveram oportunidade de estudar na idade considerada “correta” pelo senso comum, devido a diversas implicações da vida. Nessa perspectiva, é preciso chamar a atenção para a convergência entre as pluralidades que compreendem a EJA na contemporaneidade, pois é importante que a instituição escolar ofereça um currículo que abranja as diversidades de sujeitos inseridos nessa modalidade de educação e que forneça um espaço apto para atender às demandas de acessibilidade e inclusão. O interesse por esse tema parte de uma experiência com jovens e adultos na cidade de Contagem, em Minas Gerais. Assim, por meio da elaboração de um caso pedagógico, oriundo de uma entrevista com um jovem especial matriculado na rede pública do município, busca-se evidenciar as perspectivas do aluno especial inserido na EJA e do professor na tentativa de incluir atividades que possam oferecer uma possibilidade de inclusão.
Bus accessibility to public education in Belo Horizonte: a qualitative approach
Although good public education is a guaranteed right in the Brazilian Federal Constitution, the access to this service isn’t always even. Regarding this issue, promoting actions that aims improve the quality of education, and discussing problems related to accessibility to schools, as well, becomes a lynchpin in the discussion about reducing socioeconomic inequalities, especially in the urban context. Nevertheless, this paper aims to investigate, using spatial statistics and geoprocessing technics, the relationships between the quality of public schools’ chain in Belo Horizonte, the population’s socio-spatial patterns and the accessibility to these schools using public transportation, addressing whether the spatial distribution of schools promotes equal access to a quality education system.
Regional fertility differentials in Brazil: a decomposition method application
Total fertility rate (TFR) is the most widely used fertility measure and provides up-to-date information on levels and trends. However, changes in the mean age of childbearing can lead to mistaken if not considered in the analyzes, especially in low fertility contexts. Changes in the mean age of childbearing between two periods affect – increasing or decreasing – the observed fertility, even in the absence of other changes. Defined as tempo effect, the determination requires the decomposition of the TFT variation. This paper aims to measure the tempo effect in Brazil, regions and states, in 2000 and 2010, from the application of the Bongaarts and Feeney model (1998). The model measures a pure level (quantum), free from variations in the mean age of childbearing, from which it is possible to determine the tempo effect. The 1991, 2000 and 2010 Demographic Censuses are used. The results indicate that, in 2000, in general, low fertility levels were inflated by the anticipation of births; in 2010, fertility levels across the country were further reduced by the tempo effect.
Os mapas de propaganda durante a Guerra Fria (1947-1991)
O conhecimento cartográfico está presente no cotidiano dos seres humanos, sendo os mapas uma das expressões emblemáticas no imaginário coletivo. Os mapas, por sua vez, se diferenciam em conteúdo e forma. Isto posto, realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica a respeito da Ciência Cartográfica para melhor compreender a evolução do conhecimento cartográfico, apoiando-se, principalmente, nas contribuições de Monmonier (1991), Le Sann (2005), Castro (2012) e Martinelli e Graça (2011). Diante disso, apresentou-se uma discussão sobre a tipologia dos mapas de propaganda, analisando cinco exemplos do período de Guerra Fria (1947-1991). Por fim, notou-se que os mapas de propaganda foram estratégicos como meios de comunicação persuasivos no período da Guerra Fria, transmitindo mensagens político-ideológicas para a população.
Comparative between MLC and Random Forest classification algorithms using Sentinel-2B image
Abstract: The elaboration of land-use and land-cover maps using classifying algorithms is a technique that allows the continuous monitoring of natural resources on large scales and provides valuable information. There are several classifiers can be used, each with its specific premises. This study aimed to compare the performance of two different classifiers: the Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) and the Random Forest. The classifications were carried in southern Minas Gerais, in an area with agricultural and urban sites, using image from the Sentinel-2B. The Random Forest obtained the best performance between the two classifiers, with a Kappa index of 0.77, although it presented issues to detect smaller water bodies. Therefore, it is an algorithm indicated for a more accurate mapping of areas with different characteristics.