![](data:image/png;base64,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Costa de Almeida, H. A. et al.
of root per plant was affected by spacing, where the smallest spacing presented the highest yield with an average of 4,16 t ha-1.
No effect of spacing was found for the physiological ones. The 0,10 m 0,10 m plants for the vegetative and productive plants
in the radish.
Keywords
: Raphanus sativus. Plant density. Plant Spacing.
O rabanete (Raphanus sativus L.) pertence à
família Brassicaceae, originária do mediterrâneo é uma
das
hortaliças mais antiga a ser cultivada. Apresenta raiz
comestível de sabor picante, bulbo vermelho brilhante e
polpa branca (Filgueira, 2008). Apesar de ser uma cultura
pouco explorada em larga escala, o rabanete vem se
tornando atraente para pequenos produtores, por apresentar
excelente rusticidade e ciclo curto, sendo a colheita realizada
de 25 a 30 dias após a semeadura, além de poder ser
utilizada entre as linhas de plantio de culturas de ciclo longo,
com isso torna possível maximi- zar os lucros desta hortaliça
(Cardoso e Hiraki, 2001; Filgueira, 2008).
obtém-se raízes maiores e desuniformes, havendo uma
maior frequência de deformidades, culminando em uma
menor produtividade. Benjamin (1982), trabalhando com
cenoura, observou que em menores espaçamentos as
variações entre plantas se acentuavam, ocasionando o
aparecimento de indivíduos com maior potencial de
produção. Isto é evidenciado pela heterogeneidade, ca-
racterística intrínseca das hortaliças em geral.
Diante disso, o objetivo foi determinar a influência
de
diferentes espaçamentos entre plantas em relação a
características fisiológica, vegetativas, e produtivas do
rabanete.
Para as culturas em geral, as propostas de espa-
çamentos e densidades de plantios tem almejado atender as
necessidades de melhorar a produtividade e facilidade dos
tratos culturais (Filgueira, 2008). No entanto, altera-
ções no
espaçamento e densidade de plantio promovem
mudanças no
crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas,
podendo ser
variados de acordo com a cultivar e épocas de plantio
adotadas (Lopes et al., 2008; Menezes Júnior e Viera Neto,
2012).
O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação na
área experimental da Universidade Federal de Viçosa -
Campus Rio Paranaíba, em Rio Paranaíba (MG). Altitude:
1.073 metros, latitude: 19° 11’ 39’’ Sul e longitude: 46° 14’
37’’ Oeste.
A variedade utilizada foi Saxa (Isla Smentes), que
apresenta características como boa precocidade (27 a 32 dias)
e tamanho relativamente pequeno (dois a três cm de
diâmetro). Os tratamentos consistiram em quatro
espaçamentos entre plantas (0,05, 0,10, 0,15 e 0,20 m)
combinados com um único espaçamento entre linhas de 0,10
m, indicado para a cultura.
O aumento da densidade populacional culmina em
um aumento da competição intraespecífica, o que
pode
ocasionar redução na produtividade e qualidade do produto.
Assim de forma geral, quanto maior a densidade
de plantio,
maior será a competição entre as plantas por nutrientes e luz
(Schmitt et al., 1986).
A semeadura foi realizada em vasos com volu- me
de 8 dm³ (Figura 1), utilizando-se solo e areia na proporção
2:1, respectivamente. Os atributos químicos do substrato
foram: pH (água) de 5,3, P (Mehlich-1) de 4,6 mg dm-3, S
de 25 mg dm-3; Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, H+Al e CTC potencial de
24, 5, 2,2, 61 e 92,2 mmolc dm-3 respectivamente, matéria
orgânica de 2,4 dag kg-1; B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn de 0,81, 1,1,
49,0, 7,7 e 3,5 mg dm-3
respectivamente. Com o objetivo de
representar uma área
útil do campo, em cada cova foi
semeado uma semente. Utilizou-se um número diferenciado
de plantas para
cada tratamento, sendo ajustados para que não
houvesse
efeito da bordadura do vaso sobre o experimento.
Com isso, obtiveram-se oito plantas para o espaçamento de
0,05 m e quatro plantas para os espaçamentos de 0,10,
0,15 e
0,20 m. Os vasos dos tratamentos foram distribuí-
dos em
delineamento inteiramente ao acaso (DIC) com nove
repetições. A adubação foi realizada no momento do plantio,
foi utilizado formulado NPK 4-14-8 em dose única de 0,15g
dm3-1 e irrigação realizada diariamente.
Diante disso a definição do espaçamento ideal é
importante para uma boa produção de raiz. Logo, a busca
por maiores produtividades em menor área plan- tada se
depara com o fato de que uma maior redução do
espaçamento pode acentuar a heterogeneidade entre plantas
(Lopes et al., 2008). Dentre fatores que estão
relacionados
ao aumento da competição está a produção
de parte aérea e
raiz, que pode ser reduzida pela utili- zação de menor
espaçamento entre plantas (Schmitt et
al., 1986). A
competição por radiação solar se torna mais
evidente com a
redução do espaçamento, causando um decréscimo no
tamanho e massa de raiz (Souza et al., 1999), o que se torna
um problema pelo fato de que em hortaliças o aspecto visual
como formato e cor, além da massa, são fundamentais para
atender as exigências do mercado consumidor.
Lana e Vieira (2000), constataram que o empre- go
de maiores espaçamentos entre plantas, em cenoura,
Cad. Ciên. Agrár., 12, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.35699/2447-6218.2020.1606