![](data:image/png;base64,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favored at temperatures of 30 and 25°C, the threshold at which the lowest average germination times (4.4 and 9.3 days) and
higher rates were obtained germination speed (4.8 and 1.3), with germination of 99 and 76%. Therefore, the germination of C.
xanthocarpa and E. involucrata seeds must be carried out on vermiculite substrate and tempe- ratures of 30 and 25°C,
respectively.
Keywords
: Biometry. Cerejeira. Guabiroba. Germination. Seed analysis.
Na alimentação, ambas são utilizadas in natura ou na
preparação de doces, sorvetes, geleias e licores caseiros
(Vallilo et al., 2008).
O estudo do desempenho germinativo em espé- cies
florestais é de relevante interesse para tecnologistas de
sementes e viveiristas, pois possibilita a maximização dos
resultados de porcentagem, tempo médio, índice de
velocidade de germinação, entre outros. Esses parâme- tros
estão diretamente relacionados a produtividade das
mudas em
viveiro e no campo, portanto, essencial para o
sucesso de
planos de recuperação de áreas degradadas, reflorestamentos
e plantios comerciais.
O uso popular do chá das folhas de C. xanthocarpa é
indicado para doenças inflamatórias, renais, digestivas
e
dislipidemia (Sant’ Anna et al., 2017), e os extratos dos
frutos de E. involucrata são uma importante fonte de
antioxidantes, além das folhas serem aproveitadas na forma
de chá, o qual é difundido popularmente como sendo de
ação antidiarreica e digestiva (Sausen et al., 2009; Nicácio
et al., 2017).
A germinação de sementes envolve alterações nos
aspectos bioquímicos, fisiológicos e morfológicos, os quais
são desencadeados pela hidratação das células e
culminam
com a retomada do metabolismo e crescimento
do embrião, até
a formação de uma planta fotossinteti- zante (Marcos Filho,
2015), sendo determinada por um conjunto de fatores e
condições específicas, principal- mente temperatura e
substratos, os quais variam para cada espécie.
Ambas as espécies não possuem trabalhos vol-
tados para a germinação de sementes em diferentes
temperaturas e substratos, portanto, este estudo poderá
contribuir para determinar em quais condições a ger-
minação de sementes dessas espécies é mais adequada, o
qual poderá subsidiar a inclusão desta metodologia nas
novas publicações das Instruções para Análise de Sementes
de Espécies Florestais (Brasil, 2013). Deste modo,
objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho germinativo de sementes
de C. xanthocarpa e E. involucrata em dife- rentes
temperaturas e substratos, bem como mensurar as
características físicas e biométricas de suas sementes.
A temperatura interfere diretamente na por-
centagem e capacidade de germinação das sementes, bem
como no mecanismo de dormência (induzido e/ ou
eliminando) e na velocidade das reações bioquími- cas
responsáveis pela germinação (Pereira et al., 2015). A
temperatura considerada ótima é aquela em que se expressa
o potencial máximo de germinação e vigor da semente,
temperaturas abaixo e acima do mínimo e do
máximo
inviabilizam a germinação (Carvalho; Nakagawa,
2012;
Bewley et al., 2013; Marcos Filho, 2015).
Os frutos de C. xanthocarpa e E. involucrata foram
coletados de matrizes marcadas em áreas de ocorrência
natural das espécies e obtidos em novembro de 2017,
doação do Viveiro Chauá, localizado no município de
Campo Largo, Estado do Paraná, Brasil. O beneficia- mento
das sementes foi feito com maceração dos frutos em peneira,
secagem e extração manual das impurezas remanescentes.
De maneira semelhante, o substrato é um dos
fatores essenciais para a germinação de sementes e de-
senvolvimento das plântulas, o qual pode influenciar este
processo em função da sua composição, estrutura,
densidade, aeração, capacidade de retenção de água e
predisposição ao desenvolvimento de fitopatógenos
(Oliveira et al., 2016). Os substratos mais utilizados para
o
teste de germinação em espécies florestais são papel
(toalha,
filtro e mata-borrão), areia e vermiculita (Brasil,
2013), em
que sua escolha deve ser condicionada ao tamanho e a
formato da semente, exigência com relação à quantidade de
água, sensibilidade à luz e a facilidade que o mesmo oferece
para a realização das contagens e avaliação da germinação
(Brasil, 2009).
Após o beneficiamento, realizou-se a caracteriza- ção
biométrica das sementes de cada espécie com 50 uni- dades
amostrais, utilizando paquímetro digital Electronic
Caliper -
1112 (0,01 mm) para mensurar comprimento
(mm), largura
(mm) e espessura (mm) das sementes. Os
resultados de cada
variável foram expressos em função da média, desvio padrão
e coeficiente de variação (%).
O grau de umidade das sementes foi realizado por
meio da secagem em estufa a 105°C/ 24 h (Brasil,
2009),
com três repetições para cada espécie. Em seguida, determinou-
se com outra amostra o peso de mil sementes
conforme
metodologia proposta por Brasil (2009), bem como o
número de sementes por quilograma. As pesa-
Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg e Eugenia
involucrata DC. são espécies florestais da família Myr-
taceae, conhecidas popularmente como guabirobeira e
cerejeira, respectivamente (Lorenzi, 2000). Essas espécies
possuem importância na alimentação e saúde humana.
Cad. Ciênc. Agrá., v. 12, p. 01–07, https://doi.org/10.35699/2447-6218.2020.20458