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This study aimed to conduct a literature review on social skills (SH) in children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), considering a period of ten years. For that, the LILACS, PsycInfo, SciElo, Eric and Pepsic databaseswere consulted. The methodology was a systematic review based on the Reporting Items for Systematics Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA), with thematic and word cloud analysis using the Iramuteq software. Were consulted in full 34 studies, divided into two categories: Evaluation of HS of children with ADHD and HS Characterization after intervention aimed at children, parents and teachers. The results indicated lack of regularity in publications; few national studies; predominance of empirical studies, only some randomized; trend of using multi-informants; instrument SSRS (Social Skills Rating System) used frequently; deficits in the HS of assertion, self-control, empathy, cooperation and responsibility. The word cloud analysis evidenced the presence of behavior problems; academic, domestic and peer difficulties; promotion of behavioral repertoire after intervention; and absence of interventions aimed at teachers. Trends and limitations were explored, however, the insertion of other data sources is indicated.
What the Eyes Don't See, the Heart Doesn't Feel? Developing a Brazilian instrument to assess psychological violence against women
This study aimed to develop an instrument capable of measuring psychological violence practiced by an intimate partner against women, investigating which behaviors are identified as violent. The research was developed in two stages. First, the content and the internal structure of 61 items describing behaviors considered as psychological violence were analyzed. The test was named as Scale of Psychological Violence Against Women in Intimate Relationships (EVIPRIM). Second, the factorial structure obtained was confirmed and the relationship between psychological violence and negative emotional states and self-esteem was checked. The results of the semantic and content analysis indicated that seven items should be excluded as they do not represent psychological violence. After Exploratory Factor Analysis, the best structure found has two factors. Factor one with 24 items that assessed Direct Psychological Violence and factor two with 12 items that assessed Indirect Psychological Violence. The adequacy of the structure was observed from the excellent fit indices obtained in Confirmatory Factor Analysis as well as the excellent values of internal consistency reliability. At last, the higher the scores of psychological violence, the greater the negative emotional state and the lower the self-esteem.
Organization of the Psychosocial Care Network in Disaster Situation
This study aimed to know how the psychosocial care network was organized to face the demands that appeared after the Kiss Nightclub fire, in the city of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, highlighting the creation of a new service, Acolhe Saúde. This research, that has an exploratory nature and a qualitative approach, was conducted by applying a sociodemographic questionnaire and a semi-structured individual interview. The participants were seven psychologists who worked in the field of psychosocialcare during or after the emergency period of assistance to victims and family members. Data were submitted to content analysis, and they resulted in these categories: 1) First steps for care; 2) Gaps in the network and the creation of a new service; and 3) Challenges and powers regarding coping. It was possible to observe weaknesses in the psychosocial care network in the city, while the potential for responding to the demands was evident, so that actions based on existing public policies were carried out.Still, the trajectory of creating a new embracement and care device was observed. It is considered that these data can help professionals and researchers in the process of understanding challenges and creating possibilities in the constitution of care andassistance networks for populations that are victims of disasters.
Use of Audiovisual Resource in Supervised Intership of Behavioral-Analytical Therapy
Despite the importance of supervised clinical practice for the training of a clinical psychologist, the format often used in supervision has received numerous criticisms. Many efforts have been made in trying to build more effective internship programs. Inthe same direction, the objective of this research was to verify if using audiovisual recording during behavioral-analytical therapy supervision favors the modeling of behavior, Request for Reflection (RFR), in the repertoire of an inexperienced therapist. An inexperienced therapist, his client and two judges participated. Two judges were trained to catalog the occurrence of RFR through the sessions. During the baseline sessions, the supervision was based on the printed report and the therapist's report. After the baseline session, the audiovisual resource was used during supervisions, along with the printed report and the therapist's report. The agreement rate among the judges was 85%. During the baseline sessions, the frequency of occurrence of RFR behavior did not change. However, the frequency of occurrence of RFR behavior gradually increased when feedback with video modeling was employed. Supervision with video modeling-based feedback was more effective compared to supervision based on the printed report and the report of the therapist in training.
Relation between Academic Experience and Anxiety in College Students
Researches have evaluated the anxiety and college students adaptation to academic life, but few Brazilian studies investigated the relation between these variables. This study aimed to evaluate the student’s degree of academic adaptation and its relation to anxiety and sociodemographic and academic variables. This is a cross-sectional Survey research, part of a multicentric study. Participated 316 students from three institutions: Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto e Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro. Subjects answered online instruments: Questionário de Vivências Acadêmicas (QVA-r); Escala deDepressão, Ansiedade e Estresse (DASS-21) and sociodemografic/academic questionnaire. Results showed moderate degree of academic adaptation, stronger for the dimensions Carrier, Personal and Interpessonal and moderate levels of anxiety. Multiple regression indicated that higher levels of anxiety were predictor of lower degree of academic adaptation, for Carrier, Study and Institucional. For Carrier, being in a medical course was predictor of lower degree of adaptation. For anxiety, the predictors were being female, being in Nursing course and low age. This research can be considered an advance in this area due to the lackof studies on this issue. Future studies should include others universities and parts of the country.
Relationship between Biological, Psychological and Behavioral Addiction in Smoking Cessation
The Smoking Cessation Program (SCP) aims at abstinence from smoking through intervention focusing on biological, psychological and behavioral addiction. This study investigated the relationship between addiction types, pattern of consumption, level of craving, and motivation for abstinence among smokers enrolled in an SCP. A total of 179 smokers (56.7% women) were enrolled in the 11 groups of the SCP.The participants presented an age mean of 41 years and smoked a mean of 19 cigarettes. The average smoking time of the participants is 25 years. All of them answered specific instrumentsto measure biological, psychological and behavioral addiction, level of cleft and motivation to quit smoking and participated in an individual interview in which they provided the biological measurement of the level of carbon monoxide. The results showed a positive correlation among several variables, emphasizing the three types of addiction among themselves and the number of cigarettes smoked per day, time of consumption and craving; and between two measures of biological addiction (self-reported and biological). At the beginning of smoking behavior, psychological addiction is more intense, and the others become more intense over time and intensity of consumption.
Amidst so many social transformations involving gender issues, it is required to understand what are the concerns that go through women, contemporarily, in relation to motherhood. Thus, this study aimed to investigatethe imaginary future of pregnant women in relation to the time after childbirth. Individual interviews were conducted with 10 pregnant women, mediated by the Drawing-and-Story Procedure with a Theme, according to the theme “a woman after childbirth”. After each interview, the interviewer wrote a transferential narrative about the encounter. The set of the 10 drawing-stories and the 10 transferential narratives was analyzed psychoanalytically and organized according to the Theory of Fields. The field "Mother, but thin" was identified, from which the participants expressed their concern about the appearance of their bodies, after the baby's birth, following the logic of the cult of the body in contemporaneity. At the same time, one can think that this aesthetic concern of the investigated collective is also related to a concern about having their own corporeality reduced to maternity. It is concluded that, nowadays, women feel overwhelmed in different spheres, although they seem to have more autonomy than before, which denotes the need for further investigations and interventions with this social group.
Factors Associated to Adherence to Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy
Given its high prevalence, dropping out from psychotherapy has been a widely discussed phenomenon among therapists and researchers. Considering the negative consequences of early termination for both patients, therapists and health services, this study aims to understand factors that favor adherence to psychoanalytic / psychodynamic psychotherapy. Six former patients from a training institute in psychoanalytic psychotherapy who concluded their therapy in agreement with their therapists at the most 12 months ago were interviewed. The content of the interviews was transcribed and analyzed by clinical-qualitative methodology. The corpus generated four categories and seven subcategories, which were discussed based on the psychoanalytic / psychodynamic framework. The main facilitators of adherence were the relationship and therapeutic alliance, aspects related to the setting, the characteristics of both therapist and patient, as well as the perception of change during the process. The results may assist therapists in their practice, contributing to minimize such high rates of dropout, and help their patients to derive the maximum possible benefit from the intervention.
The article aimed to understand how family conflict mediation is investigated in the Brazilian scientific literature, through an integrative review from the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD), during the periodbetween 2010 and 2020. Sixteen dissertations and nine theses were analyzed. Most of them came from Graduate Programs in Law (n = 10) and Psychology (n = 5), originating from institutions in the state of São Paulo (n = 8) and were published in the years 2013, 2016 and 2017 (n = 4 for each year). Thirteen studies were empirical, 12 were theoretical and, among the empirical studies, all were qualitative. Four categories of analysis were identified: a) the function of family conflict mediation; b) the interdisciplinary study of family conflict mediation; c) the application of mediation to different demands; and d) the evaluation of family conflict mediation programs. This is, without a doubt, a very fruitful field to which Psychology has much to contribute, especially for the systemic understanding of family conflicts, by considering the intersubjective, relational, and complex dimensions.
Effects of Meditative Practices on Acute Stress-Induced Cortisol Levels
Meditative practices are recognized for their potential to reduce stress. These have a wide variety of techniques and styles and when inserted in the multidisciplinarity of the field of stress, their line of research acquires peculiar methodological characteristics with investigative diversification. In this context, this qualitative systematic review aims to review the main methodological aspects of the research that investigated the potential of meditation in the regulation of cortisol induced by acute stress reactivity tasks, as well as the characteristics of the meditative practices used, which, according to the authors, are differentials in stress management and considered relevant to this line of research.The research was carried out on the PubMed andWeb of Science platforms. It was included seven original studies that used a task of reactivity to acute stress and with cortisol as the main biological marker. Interventions with an emphasis on social cognitive skills and emotional regulation had better results in lowering cortisol than practices focused solely on cognitive development. In the discussion, aspects such as practice time, skills improvement and emotional regulation were highlighted. This review contributes to elucidate the psychological mechanisms underlying meditative practices as well as the relevant methodological aspects.
Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Levels in Family Caregivers of Children with or without ASD Diagnosis during the COVID-19 Pandemic
The Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a disorder of neurodevelopment. Family caregivers of children diagnosed whit ASD might have high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, when they are compared whit family of children without ASD, with possibility of intensification given the COVID-19. The aim was to compare the levels of depression, anxiety and stress in family caregivers of children whit or without diagnoses of ASD, during the social isolation, and to analyze the impacts of the pandemic from sociodemographic variables on caregivers in general. 77 family caregivers of children with aged between five and eight years participated in this study (M = 6,06, SD = 1,27). Of these, 42 belonging to the group of caregivers of children diagnosed with ASD, aged between 20 and 56 (M = 36,9; SD = 8,36), and 35 to the other group, aged between 19 and 47 years (M = 34,8 SD = 8,47). The results indicated a difference between the group of caregivers of children with diagnosis (M = 19; SD = 11,12) and that of family of children without diagnosis (M = 12,8; SD = 10,7) in the relation to depression. Sociodemographic variables were related to the difficulties faced by family members and are discussed along with limitations and future studies.
Mental Health, Self-careand Coronavirus Prevention in People Living with HIV in the Pandemic
The aim of the study was to analyze aspects regarding mental health, behaviors related to prevention of coronavirus infection and self-care in people living with HIV (PLWH). 148 PLWH participated, the average of age was 37,9 years, 73,6% were cisgender men and had health assistance in Distrito Federal, Brazil. This is an online study, with sociodemographic questionnaires; medical-clinical; about HIV/AIDS self-care, preventive behaviors against coronavirus infection, consumption of psychoactive substances and sexuality; Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Quantitative and qualitative data analyzes were performed. Results revealed ahigh frequency of preventive practices regarding coronavirus infection with adherence to the recommended measures. Depression levels were observed in 16.2% of the participants, stress reached 14.9% and anxiety affected 10.2% of the sample, varying betweenmild to extremely severe cases. Bivariate analyzes revealed greater vulnerability to depression and stress among cisgender women and trans women, as well as to the stress and anxiety of people with worse income levels. This study has relevant implicationsfor the health of PLWH once it assists managers and professionals in implementing more effective policies and actions to combat COVID-19 and offer a comprehensive, equitable and interdisciplinary care to PLWH.
Comparison of Types of Behavioral Skills Training to Train Psychology Interns
The Behavioral Skills Training is used in the training of professionals, parents or other caregivers and college students to teach skills in learners with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). It comprises: 1) instructions regarding principles of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) to teach repertoires; 2) modeling (demonstration of behaviors, which must be emitted during teaching); 3) behavioral rehearsal with a confederate; 4) performance feedback. The goal was to compare the administration of two types of BST (onewith a in live/presential modeling component and, the other, with a modeling component with videos) as to their efficiency on the training of six Psychology interns. Each case was defined to improve the accuracy of teaching two pairs of repertoires to a confederate, who pretended to act like a learner with ASD. The difference between the two types of BST was solely related to the modeling component. They both produced improvement in teaching accuracy by the interns, and they were efficient in a similar manner, demanding few meetings to finish training. The data were discussed considering the relevance of an appropriate training for professionals who may collaborate, in the future, by advising parents, and other caregivers, on behavior management of their relatives with ASD, either presential or remotely (which is important during the pandemic of COVID-19).
Paths by which the Behavioral Therapist Learns from his or her Clients
The professional literature admits that therapists acquire essential clinical competencies while performing their work. However, the ways in which this learning takes place have been little explored. This is the purpose of this study. We interviewed 14 behavioral and cognitive-behavioral therapists about their learning experiences with their clients. Data were analysed following the tenets of Grounded Theory Analysis. The results suggest that therapists consider their work as an opportunity to learn and that clients guide their professional development. Learning with clients happens in bilateral, gradual and cumulative ways. It involves interactions with the theoretical model, with the challenges the case poses, the parallels with the therapist’s life, his or her continuous studies and what happens in supervision. We conclude that learning from the client is no passive assimilation of knowledge. Therapist features, such as theoretical adherence, difficulties with the treatment and the perceived similarity between therapist and client influence learning. Involvement in study and supervision influence how the therapist processes what he or she learns from the client. All of this shows that the therapist is an active participant who brings personal characteristics and efforts to the learning process.
Group psychoeducation can be linked to health promotion. The experience of being in a group generates therapeutic factors and has effects on self-regulation. The theoretical-technical referencesused are Focusing and Somatic Experience® (SE), which have psychoeducational characteristics that facilitate the self-regulatory process, by creating a security context. The objective is to present and discuss research that analyzed the application of an interventional proposal focusing on bodily sensations and emotions. The research, which is transversal and exploratory in nature, with an emphasis on the participants' narratives, emphasizes the construction of the experience in the relationship. The investigated intervention, divided into five stages, initiated by the body and with the subsequent elaboration of felt meanings, had as a data collection instrument the activities developed in groups, which were recorded and transcribed. 25 university students participated. Speeches about the experience of being in a group were analyzed, in the categories positive, negative and mixed experiences, self-reference, new perspectives and therapeutic factors, which implement self-regulation in a context of communal regulation. We conclude by highlighting the therapeutic factors in the process of being in a group, in which initial insecurity and estrangement are replaced by security, triggering experiential changes.
Gender norms have influenced the analysis on intimate partner violence with a tendency to exclusively consider women as victims and men as perpetrators. However, studies show that violence perpetrated by women against men in intimate relationships is a reality. In this article, we present and discuss results from a qualitative, multi-centered, cross-sectional, exploratory, and descriptive research in Brazil. The objective was to understand how men who suffered violence perpetrated by women perceive intimatepartner violence against men. We interviewed five men from the state of Mato Grosso and one from Rio Grande do Sul. Data analysis was performed using Thematic Analysis, from which two themes emerged: "The law that isn't mine" and "A man cries too". Results were discussed on the light of the Systemic Theory and evidenced that violence perpetrated by women in intimate relationships is a reality. These men tend to avoid reporting to authorities and, when they do, they feel their safety is not ensured by protective services. This research contributes to the scientific understanding of violence against men in intimate partner violence. Therefore, we suggest more studies with this population, and also advocate for services that work with men as victims of intimate partner violence.
Clinical Listening to Teenagers Who Cut Themselves
This study aimed to investigate the self-mutilation that occurs in adolescence, seeking to understand the particular meanings of this conduct and to identify related psychological factors. It is a research guided by psychoanalysis that adopted the case study method, based on a clinical experience with two teenagers who cut themselves. The results demonstrated the relevance of the body during adolescence and the cuts were understood as a means of communication and expression of psychological suffering. The search for their own identity and difficulty in separating from the maternal figure were also relevant in understanding the self-mutilation behavior. The clinical investigation supported by the research process offered ways for reflection and propiciated a care for the particularities of each adolescent.
Bullying experiences may contribute negatively in the adolescent view toward oneself and peers. It is hypothesized that the adoption of a warm, non-evaluative and sensitive posture by one when experiencing suffer, as self-compassion is defined, may be an adaptive strategy toward hostile situations. This study investigated differences among adolescents regarding self-compassion levels and bullying experiences, as the relation between constructs. 551 adolescents participated, 57% female, with an average age of 15.1 years (SD = 1.7), students at Brazilian public schools. Pearson ́s correlation analyses were adopted to explore relations between self-compassion and bullying. Posteriorly, the sample was divided among two extremes groups of the self-compassion scale and their means were compared. Significant negative correlations were found between self-compassion and types of bullying, as with victimization roles. When separated by groups, adolescents with higher levels of self-compassion presented lower levels of bullying experiences and higher mean in victim protector role. The existence of secure and support relations may contribute to the development of abilities and compassionate responses to help others and to emotional regulation in difficult situations.
Qualitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study, whose objective was to understand the meaning that the child in institutional shelter attributes to his/her refuge situation. Five children aged between three and eleven years old, who are sheltered in afoster home, participated in the study. The data were collected through playful interview, semi-structured interview and participant observation, analyzed by the Thematic Content and Enunciation Analysis. The results were discussed from the Winnicottian perspective. The participants felt well at the institution and showed that they did not know the reasons for welcoming them. They gave it a sense of distance from their primary caregivers, of determining their futures, of their relationships, of the time of reception, in the name of necessary protection, but not always effective and affective. It is concluded that there is a need for more effective communication between the institution and the host, in which the degrees of development of each child are considered, which favors their understanding and the elaboration of the meanings.
Case Study about Brazilian Intervention for Victims of Child Sexual Abuse
The aim of this study is to present a case study with the application of the Individual Psychotherapeutic Care Protocol for Victims of Child Sexual Abuse (PAPI-ASI). A six-year-old female child who was a victim of sexual abuse took part in the study. The intervention aimed to reduce symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), as well as to reduce and/or extinguish undesirable behaviors resulting from child sexual abuse (ASI) present in the initial evaluation. Results were quantitatively evaluated in pre-and post-intervention measures with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), answered by the parents, and qualitatively with the clinical evaluation and parents’ report on the changes observed in the child’s behavior during the intervention. The overall outcome of the intervention was positive, with improvements in attention, less difficulty in completing activities, and lower frequency and intensity of anxiety. Initially, the participant had sufficient clinical criteria for the diagnosis of PTSD, which atthe end of the intervention were subclinical. Finally, the study presents promising results of the approached protocol, emphasizing the potential of becoming a valid instrument in the clinical dynamics related to ASI.
The Experience of Mother-Baby Interaction for Adolescent Mothers
The initial mother-baby interaction, characterized by the mother’s intenseadaptation to the child’s needs, is essential for the baby’s development. Equally important is the interaction that is established in the dyad, as the mother resumes other interests, and the baby acquires greater autonomy. This article aimed to understand the experience of mother-baby interaction for teenage mothers. The study had a qualitative character, with exploratory and descriptive design, and was carried outthrough semi-structured interviews with teenage mothers and observations of the relationship of the dyad mediated by playing. Data analysiswas performed through content analysis. It was possible to notice that the participants developed a state of adaptation and devotion to their children. Still, it was observed the care of the mothers with their children, but also the autonomy afforded to babies. Thus, despite the difficulties inherent in the process of motherhood in adolescence, it can be understood that the mother-child interaction was permeated by affection and care, which allows the constitution of the baby as a subject. Finally, it is highlighted that the condition for the performance of maternal function would not necessarily be linked to the mother's age, but to their subjective experiences and their investment capacity.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapies in the Clinical Management of Religious and Spiritual Struggles
A large portion of patients want to talk about their religiosity and/or spirituality (R/S). However, historically TCCs have remained distant from R/E aspects. The study aimed to investigate how CBTs address R/E struggles. The search for publications took place in the PsycINFO, EMBASE, Scopus and Pubmed databases, and the recommendations of the Declaration Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses were used for this review. Based on inclusion/exclusion criteria, six publications were retrieved and analyzed. Studies indicate the need to adapt interventions to manage R/S problems, depending on the patient's beliefs and culture. Changes in the therapeutic relationship and choice of techniques are possible. It is concluded that CBTs seem to fit R/S demands, as long as they are properly studied and addressed by psychotherapists.
Mindfulness-based Interventions for Elderly
This study sought to synthesize the results of mindfulness-based interventions with the elderly, based on an integrative literature review carried out in the Scopus, PubMed and BVS databases. A total of 121 articles were found, of which 12 made up the final sample of this review, using inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed that the interventions, with emphasis on the MBSR and MBCT, contributed to the reduction of symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress and insomnia, generating a better perception of subjective well-being, increased quality of life and reduction of psychological symptoms. It is recommended that future interventions implement criteria for evaluating and monitoring their respective proposals, in addition to using longitudinal and correlational methods.
Online psychotherapy is a therapy format carried out at distance and mediated by the internet. In Brazil, it is a growing practice, driven by its recent regulation in 2018 and by COVID-19 pandemic surge in the beginning of 2020. This integrative review aimed to review the national literature on online psychotherapy, covering the pre-pandemic time course of COVID-19. A search on Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde (BVS), PePSIC and Scielo databases was conducted considering publications from 2000 to 2020. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 23 papers were selected. In general, publications on the field investigated or discussed professional ethics, therapeutic relationship, legislation and regulations on the topic, protocol development, analysis of clinical cases, and profession opinion on the theme. The review evidenced a publication profile oriented to theoretical and legal aspectsof online psychotherapy and a lesser amount of empirical research based on rigorous methodological designs. It is suggested that future investigations empirically address cross-cutting themes regarding psychotherapy approaches and invest in evidence-oriented research for the adaptation of techniques to online psychotherapy.
Mindfulness, self-compassion and deafness
Mindfulness and self-compassion are current topics in the scientific area and have benefits evidenced by their practices. This article aimed to carry out na integrative literature review to understand how deaf or hard of hearing people are approached by the themes of mindfulness and self-compassion in scientific findings. The databases SciELO.org, PsycINFO (APA), Scopus (Elsevier), PUBMED, Web of Science, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) and Periodical CAPES were used to search for scientific studies on the topics February2022. Additionally, inclusion and exclusion criteria were adopted for the choice of material and, after the selection and eligibility steps, following the PRISMA protocol, three studies were selected. The results indicated adjustments in the preparation and delivery of proposals in mindfulness and the effects of the intervention on the mental health of the deaf population. In addition, the research found did not address the topic of self-compassion. It is suggested that further research can discuss the issues in question with deaf or hard of hearing people.
Evaluation of Personality and Parenting Styles of Parents in Custody Dispute
The way parents take care of their children is influenced by several aspects, including personality. Researching this relationship can contribute to knowledge about characteristics that tend to be positive in parenting. This research aimed to investigate the relationship between personality characteristics and parenting style of parents in a custody dispute situation. A quantitative study was carried out, using the NEO-FFI-R and the Parenting Styles Inventory. The study included 25 parents (13 women and 12 men), aged between 21 and 57 years, who were disputing custody of their children in the southern region of Brazil. Despite the possible influence of social desirability, the study showed that most parents have a good repertoire of positive parenting practices and showed that the dimensions of kindness and conscientiousness are personality characteristics that are associated with the development of positive parenting practices. Neuroticism was identified as a personality characteristic that influences the development of negative parenting practices. It was concluded that parental personality can influence different parenting behaviors. The study can help professionals who work with families to have a better understanding of the influence of personality on parenting styles.
Meanings of the suicidal act between sadness and hopelessnes
Suicide is a global public health problem, characterized by taboos and stigmas, which, when uncovered, could support training, education and prevention actions. In response to this demand, the present study aimed to identify the meanings that Brazilians attribute to suicide. A national survey was carried out with 3,453 Brazilian adults, who answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Free Word Association Technique (TALP), with the inducing stimulus “suicide”. The results were organized into two classes: 1) “Between despair and helplessness: the reasons for suicide”, which addresses possible motivations for suicide; and 2) “Survivors: meanings of suicide for the network of affection”, which presents aspects related to grief and pain experienced by survivors. Differences in evocations also emerged depending on the region of the country and sexual orientation. It is concluded that suicide is still surrounded by social stigmas and isolated associations to psychopathological conditions of the subject who presents suicidal behavior. Furthermore, the loss of a loved one by suicide is marked by an experience of unrecognized and lonely grief. Therefore, the need for educational promotion, prevention and postvention actions on the causes and care interventions aimed at the subject with suicidal behavior and family members becomes essential.
This article discusses the psychological suffering experienced in an unexpected divorce case, specific form of separation, and its possibilities for clinical management, based on Gestalt therapy and ambiguous loss studies. Therefore, we define this form of love breakup as one in which there is an abrupt end, the decision-making process is unilateral, there is a feeling of abandonment and there is no perception of the possibility of breaking the relationship. These factors combined have a high traumatic potential, making it difficult for those left to elaborate it. In the casestudy presented, the impacts of divorce on the participant's quality of life, her financial capacity, as well as on her physical and mental health, are clear. The specifics of mourning due to the ambiguous and non-finite loss experienced are evident, allowing us to discuss a specific clinical management, focused on awareness and creative adjustment, and which include the following pillars: giving sense and meaning to the experience, finding balance, rebuilding identity, dealing with the ambivalence of feelings, reviewing attachments and finding hope again.
Suicide, an act of self-inflicted violence consciously desired and carried out by the subject with the intention of death, wich generates important repercussions in the family and social context. The present study aims to understand these reverberations inthe bereaved survivors. Using a qualitative methodology, through semi-structured interviews, were sought to give voice to elevenpeople impacted by a suicide. All ethical precepts were upheld. The content analysis method proposed by Bardin (1977) structured the organization in two categories: “The Unnameable” and “The Guilt”. Analyzed based on studies about the understanding of mourning processes for those who are kept, supported by different theoretical approaches, with emphasis on the psychoanalytic orientations. As main results, stands out that among the result of the trauma of this loss, there is an absence of words, capable of naming the force of the unrepresentable operating in the psychic apparatus. Thus, as overwhelming feelings of guilt that imprison the bereaved in search of answers to possible motivations and their responsibility for the suicidal act. Therefore, stands out the importance of new studies, to support specialized care for bereaved survivors, as well as postvention strategies helping them to face the devastating pain of suicide and its repercussions.
Stalking behaviors are considered every stalker's manifestations towards the victim, running through public and private spaces and occurring through the physical and virtual environments. The stalker is the one who persecutes, harasses and causes damage tothe victim 's life in an incessant and insistent way. The aim of this study was to investigate, bracket and name the various types of the stalking behaviors based on the experience of six young women. A sociodemographic questionnaire and a semi-structuredinterview were applied. Thematic Analysis method was used. They were divided in 3 main thematics: typical behaviors, threatening behaviors and bizarre behaviors. The typical ones were characterized mainly by the persecutions, as the face-to-face approaches and inconvenient communications; the threatening ones by threats made by the stalker to harm the victim, either against some aspect of their lives or even a suicidal threat; and the bizarre ones, specified by its eccentricity, as hyper-personalized gift delivery, peculiar affection statements and imitative behaviors. It is understood that all of the related behaviors cause diverse prejudices toward the victims. It points out the need for extra attention of future studies, due to the lack of this thematic in the literature.