% THIS LIST PRESENTS STANDARDIZED NAMES FOR PROCEEDINGS AND JOURNALS.
% IT DOES NOT, IN ANY WAY, LIMIT THE REFERENCES TO VENUES ON THIS LIST.
% IT IS MERE A SUGGESTION ON HOW TO WRITE THE VENUES IN THE BIB FILES,
%   SO THAT JIDM KEEPS A MINIMUM OF CONSISTENCY AMONG CITATIONS
% SEPT.3rd.2010


@STRING{aaai = {Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence}}

@STRING{acmgis = {Proceedings of the ACM International Symposium on Advances in Geographic Information Systems}}

@STRING{adbis = {Proceedings of the Symposium on Advances in Databases and Information Systems}}

@STRING{ai = {Artificial Inteligence}}

@STRING{cacm = {Communications of the ACM}}

@STRING{cikm = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Information and Knowledge Engineering}}

@STRING{computer = {IEEE Computer}}

@STRING{computernetw = {Computer Networks}}

@STRING{computingsurveys = {ACM Computing Surveys}}

@STRING{dasfaa = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Database Systems for Advanced Applications}}

@STRING{dawak = {Proceedings of the Data Warehousing and Knowledge Discovery}}

@STRING{dcc = {Proceedings of the Data Compression Conference}}

@STRING{dexa = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications}}

@STRING{dke = {Data \& Knowledge Engineeering}}

@STRING{doceng = {Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Document Engineering}}

@STRING{dood = {Proceedings of the International Conference Deductive and Object-Oriented Databases}}

@STRING{dpd = {Distributed and Parallel Databases}}

@STRING{ecdl = {Proceedings of the European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries}}

@STRING{ecir = {Proceedings of the European Conference on Information Retrieval}}

@STRING{edbt = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Extending Database Technology}}

@STRING{eextt = {Proceedings of the VLDB Workshop on Efficiency and Effectiveness of XML Tools, and Techniques}}

@STRING{er = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Conceptual Modeling}}

@STRING{fse = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGSOFT Conference on the Foundations of Software Engineering}}

@STRING{geoinfo = {Proceedings of the Brazilian Symposium on GeoInformatics}}

@STRING{icde = {Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering}}

@STRING{icdebulletin = {IEEE Data Engineering Bulletin}}

@STRING{icdt = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Database Theory}}

@STRING{icdm = {Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Data Mining}}

@STRING{icml = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Machine Learning}}

@STRING{infosys = {Information Systems}}

@STRING{ipm = {Information Processing and Management}}

@STRING{jbcs = {Journal of the Brazilian Computer Society}}

@STRING{jcdl = {Proceedings of the ACM IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries}}

@STRING{jep = {Journal of Electronic Publishing}}

@STRING{jidm = {Journal of Information and Data Management}}

@STRING{jiis = {Journal of Intelligent Information Systems}}

@STRING{jucs = {Journal of Universal Computer Science}}

@STRING{kdd = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining}}

@STRING{mobilesearch = {Proceedings of the WWW Workshop on Mobile Search}}

@STRING{odbase = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Ontologies, Databases and Applications of Semantics}}

@STRING{oopsla = {Proceedings of the Annual ACM Conference on Object-Oriented Programing Systems, Languages and Applications}}

@STRING{pkdd = {Proceedings of the European Conference on Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases}}

@STRING{pods = {Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Principles of Database Systems}}

@STRING{pvldb = {Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment}}

@STRING{sac = {Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Computing}}

@STRING{sbbd = {Proceedings of the Brazilian Symposium on Databases}}

@STRING{seke = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering}}

@STRING{sigir = {Proceedings of the International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research \& Development of Information Retrieval}}

@STRING{sigmod = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data}}

@STRING{sigmodrecord = {SIGMOD Record}}

@STRING{ssdbm = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Databases Management}}

@STRING{sstd = {Proceedings of the Internationa Symposium on Spatial and Temporal Databases}}

@STRING{time = {Proceedings of the International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning}}

@STRING{tkdd = {ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data}}

@STRING{tkde = {IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering}}

@STRING{tods = {ACM Transactions on Database Systems }}

@STRING{tois = {ACM Transactions on Information Systems}}

@STRING{tse = {Transactions on Software Engineering}}

@STRING{uai = {Proceedings of the Conference in Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence}}

@STRING{vldb = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Very Large Data Bases}}

@STRING{vldbj = {The VLDB Journal}}

@STRING{webdb = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Web and Databases}}

@STRING{webmedia = {Proceedings of the Brazilian Symposium on Multimedia and the Web}}

@STRING{www = {Proceedings of the International World Wide Web Conferences}}

@STRING{wwwposter = {Proceedings of the International World Wide Web Conferences, Poster session}}

@STRING{xsym = {Proceedings of XML Database Symposium}}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

@BOOK{Baeza-YatesR99,
  title = {{Modern Information Retrieval}},
  publisher = {ACM Press / Addison-Wesley},
  year = {1999},
  author = {Ricardo A. Baeza-Yates and Berthier A. Ribeiro-Neto},
  isbn = {0-201-39829-X}
}

@MISC{xpath,
  author = {Anders Berglund and Scott Boag and Don Chamberlin and Mary F. Fern\'{a}ndez
	and Michael Kay  and Jonathan Robie and J\´{e}r\^{o}me Siméon},
  title = {{XML Path Language (XPath) 2.0, W3C Recommendation}},
  howpublished = {http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath20},
  year = {2007}
}

@INBOOK{BorgidaCL09,
  chapter = {{Logical Database Design: from Conceptual to Logical Schema}},
  pages = {1645-1649},
  title = {{Encyclopedia of Database Systems}},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year = {2009},
  editor = {Liu Ling and Tamer M. \"{O}zsu},
  author = {Alexander Borgida and Marco A. Casanova and Alberto H. F. Laender},
  address = {Berlin}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{FerreiraGALV09,
  author = {Anderson A. Ferreira and Marcos Andr{\'e} Gon\c{c}alves and Jussara
	M. Almeida and Alberto H. F. Laender and Adriano Veloso},
  title = {{SyGAR - A Synthetic Data Generator for Evaluating Name Disambiguation
	Methods}},
  booktitle = ecdl,
  year = {2009},
  pages = {437-441},
  address = {Corfu, Greece}
}

@ARTICLE{LaenderMNM09,
  author = {Alberto H. F. Laender and Mirella M. Moro and Cristiano Nascimento
	and Patr\'{\i}cia Martins},
  title = {{An X-ray on Web-available XML Schemas}},
  journal = sigmodrecord,
  year = {2009},
  volume = {38},
  pages = {37-42},
  number = {1}
}

@PHDTHESIS{Moro07,
  author = {Mirella M. Moro},
  title = {{The Role of Structural Aggregation for Query Processing over XML
	Data}},
  school = {University of California, Riverside (UCR)},
  year = {2007},
  address = {USA}
}

@INBOOK{SilvaLC96,
  chapter = {{An Approach to Maintaining Optimized Relational Representations
	of Entity-Relationship Schemas}},
  pages = {292-308},
  title = {Conceptual Modeling},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address = {Berlin Heidelberg},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Bernhard Thalheim},
  author = {Altigran Soares da Silva and Alberto H. F. Laender and Marco A. Casanova},
  volume = {1920},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  booktitle = er
}



@incollection{ballatore_semantically_2011,
	series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
	title = {Semantically Enriching {VGI} in Support of Implicit Feedback Analysis},
	copyright = {©2011 Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
	isbn = {978-3-642-19172-5, 978-3-642-19173-2},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-19173-2_8},
	abstract = {In recent years, the proliferation of Volunteered Geographic Information ({VGI}) has enabled many Internet users to contribute to the construction of rich and increasingly complex spatial datasets. This growth of geo-referenced information and the often loose semantic structure of such data have resulted in spatial information overload. For this reason, a semantic gap has emerged between unstructured geo-spatial datasets and high-level ontological concepts. Filling this semantic gap can help reduce spatial information overload, therefore facilitating both user interactions and the analysis of such interaction. Implicit Feedback analysis is the focus of our work. In this paper we address this problem by proposing a system that executes spatial discovery queries. Our system combines a semantically-rich and spatially-poor ontology ({DBpedia}) with a spatially-rich and semantically-poor {VGI} dataset ({OpenStreetMap}). This technique differs from existing ones, such as the aggregated dataset {LinkedGeoData}, as it is focused on user interest analysis and takes map scale into account. System architecture, functionality and preliminary results gathered about the system performance are discussed.},
	language = {en},
	number = {6574},
	urldate = {2015-01-12},
	booktitle = {Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
	author = {Ballatore, Andrea and Bertolotto, Michela},
	editor = {Tanaka, Katsumi and Fröhlich, Peter and Kim, Kyoung-Sook},
	month = jan,
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {Computer Communication Networks, Database Management, {DBpedia}, geographic information systems, Geo-Ontologies, Implicit Feedback Analysis, information storage and retrieval, Information Systems Applications (incl.Internet), {LinkedGeoData}, Multimedia Information Systems, {OpenStreetMap}, User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction, Volunteered geographic information},
	pages = {78--93},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\V72M29VD\\Ballatore e Bertolotto - 2011 - Semantically Enriching VGI in Support of Implicit .pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\B7CEMEXP\\10.html:text/html}
}

@article{ballatore_computing_2013,
	title = {Computing the semantic similarity of geographic terms using volunteered lexical definitions},
	volume = {27},
	issn = {1365-8816},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2013.790548},
	doi = {10.1080/13658816.2013.790548},
	abstract = {Volunteered geographic information ({VGI}) is generated by heterogenous ‘information communities’ that co-operate to produce reusable units of geographic knowledge. A consensual lexicon is a key factor to enable this open production model. Lexical definitions help demarcate the boundaries of terms, forming a thin semantic ground on which knowledge can travel. In {VGI}, lexical definitions often appear to be inconsistent, circular, noisy and highly idiosyncratic. Computing the semantic similarity of these ‘volunteered lexical definitions’ has a wide range of applications in {GIScience}, including information retrieval, data mining and information integration. This article describes a knowledge-based approach to quantify the semantic similarity of lexical definitions. Grounded in the recursive intuition that similar terms are described using similar terms, the approach relies on paraphrase-detection techniques and the lexical database {WordNet}. The cognitive plausibility of the approach is evaluated in the context of the {OpenStreetMap} ({OSM}) Semantic Network, obtaining high correlation with human judgements. Guidelines are provided for the practical usage of the approach.},
	number = {10},
	urldate = {2015-01-12},
	journal = {International Journal of Geographical Information Science},
	author = {Ballatore, Andrea and Wilson, David C. and Bertolotto, Michela},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {2099--2118},
	file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\QPDNXUIT\\13658816.2013.html:text/html}
}

@article{bordogna_geographic_2012,
	series = {On Advances in Soft Computing Applied to Databases and Information Systems},
	title = {{Geographic Information Retrieval: Modeling uncertainty of user's context}},
	volume = {196},
	issn = {0165-0114},
	shorttitle = {Geographic information retrieval},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165011411001679},
	doi = {10.1016/j.fss.2011.04.005},
	abstract = {Geographic information retrieval ({GIR}) is nowadays a hot research issue that involves the management of uncertainty and imprecision and the modeling of user preferences and context. Indexing the geographic content of documents implies dealing with the ambiguity, synonymy and homonymy of geographic names in texts. On the other side, the evaluation of queries specifying both content based conditions and spatial conditions on documents’ contents requires representing the vagueness and context dependency of spatial conditions and the personal user's preferences. The spatial condition can be specified linguistically in the query through vague terms such as “close to the North East of Milan’’, whose semantic depends on the user's context and perception of distance. Further, users may want to express queries in which the content condition and the spatial condition have a distinct preference and are combined with a distinct semantics. In this paper, we propose a geographic information retrieval model and a system implementing it that represents both the uncertainty in indexing the geographic documents’ content and the user's context and preferences in evaluating flexible spatial queries. It extracts the geographic content from documents’ text by applying heuristic knowledge coded by bipolar rules which evaluate positive hints and negative hints for the recognition of geographic names in text. Thus, it represents the geographic content of documents by fuzzy footprints, i.e., distinct locations on the earth associated with the text with a distinct degree of significance. Finally, the system allows evaluating two types of queries flexibly combining the content based condition with the spatial condition. The spatial condition is interpreted as the soft constraint “close’’ on the user's perceived distance between the documents’ footprint and query's footprint. For each retrieved document, two relevance scores are computed with respect to the two query conditions that are flexibly combined to generate an overall ranked list of documents. The user can choose the semantic for the combination that can be either an asymmetric “and possibly’’ aggregation between the mandatory content condition and the optional spatial condition, or a compensative “average’’ aggregation, defined as a linear combination of the two conditions; further, a relative preference between the conditions can be specified to achieve personalization and effectiveness. A prototypal geographic information retrieval system, named Geo-Finder, based on this model is described, and its evaluations are discussed.},
	urldate = {2015-01-12},
	journal = {Fuzzy Sets and Systems},
	author = {Bordogna, Gloria and Ghisalberti, Giorgio and Psaila, Giuseppe},
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {Bipolar criteria evaluation, Context dependent spatial query, Fuzzy aggregation operators, Geographic footprint, Geographic information retrieval, Soft constraint},
	pages = {105--124},
	file = {ScienceDirect Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\HPWNKJQ7\\Bordogna et al. - 2012 - Geographic information retrieval Modeling uncerta.pdf:application/pdf;ScienceDirect Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\UZPS3R56\\S0165011411001679.html:text/html}
}

@incollection{campelo_model_2009,
	series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
	title = {A Model for Geographic Knowledge Extraction on Web Documents},
	copyright = {©2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg},
	isbn = {978-3-642-04946-0, 978-3-642-04947-7},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-04947-7_38},
	abstract = {There is an increasing interest on doing research in the field of information retrieval which aims to incorporate new dimensions, apart from text based retrieval, to the Web search engines. Geographical Information Retrieval ({GIR}) aims to index Web resources using a geographic context. The process of identifying the geographic context starts with the detection of different types of geographic references associated to the documents, as for example, the occurrence of place names. This paper presents a model for detecting geographic references in Web documents based on a set of heuristics. Moreover, new concepts and methods for disambiguation of many places with the same name are addressed. Finally, a prototype was built, called {GeoSEn} which aimed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model.},
	language = {en},
	number = {5833},
	urldate = {2014-11-25},
	booktitle = {Advances in Conceptual Modeling - Challenging Perspectives},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
	author = {Campelo, Cláudio Elizio Calazans and Baptista, Cláudio de Souza},
	editor = {Heuser, Carlos Alberto and Pernul, Günther},
	month = jan,
	year = {2009},
	keywords = {Database Management, Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, Geographic Knowledge, information storage and retrieval, Programming Techniques, Software Engineering, Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems, Spatial Information Extraction, Web Information Retrieval},
	pages = {317--326},
	file = {Chapter-38-A-Model-for-Geographic-Knowledge-Extraction-on-Web-Documents.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\I73UUIK6\\Chapter-38-A-Model-for-Geographic-Knowledge-Extraction-on-Web-Documents.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\6BDPZ4TX\\10.html:text/html}
}

@inproceedings{du_developing_2011,
	address = {Nottingham, {UK}},
	title = {Developing open source based tools for geospatial integration},
	url = {http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/3243/},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2015-01-12},
	author = {Du, Heshan and Anand, Suchith and Morley, Jeremy and Hart, Glen and Leibovici, Didier and Jackson, Mike},
	year = {2011},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\AK9RVGUS\\Du et al. - 2011 - Developing open source based tools for geospatial .pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\E25MAXJ3\\3243.html:text/html}
}

@inproceedings{falcao_crowd4city:_2012,
	address = {São Paulo, Brazil},
	title = {Crowd4City: Utilizando Sensores Humanos como Fonte de Dados em Cidades Inteligentes (in portuguese)},
	abstract = {Smart Cities solutions are currently being studied and applied by researchers and governments throughout the world with the purpose of better managing the problems found with the increase of urban populations and negative impacts suffered by the nature. The majority of the existing proposed models, however, use digital sensors for the gathering of the necessary information for its execution, which may interfere directly with the feasibility of its application on real world scenarios. With the intention of avoiding these problems we here suggest the use of Crowd Sensors for Smart Cities systems, mention the prototype we will develop and focus our study on the analysis of Crowd Sensors in this context.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th Brazilian Symposium on Information Systems},
	author = {Falcão, Ana Gabrielle Ramos and Baptista, Cláudio de Souza and Menezes, Luciana Cavalcante de},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {144--149},
	file = {0017.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\98HS2AW8\\0017.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@inproceedings{freire_metadata_2011,
	address = {New York, {NY}, {USA}},
	series = {{JCDL} '11},
	title = {A Metadata Geoparsing System for Place Name Recognition and Resolution in Metadata Records},
	isbn = {978-1-4503-0744-4},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1998076.1998140},
	doi = {10.1145/1998076.1998140},
	abstract = {This paper describes an approach for performing recognition and resolution of place names mentioned over the descriptive metadata records of typical digital libraries. Our approach exploits evidence provided by the existing structured attributes within the metadata records to support the place name recognition and resolution, in order to achieve better results than by just using lexical evidence from the textual values of these attributes. In metadata records, lexical evidence is very often insufficient for this task, since short sentences and simple expressions are predominant. Our implementation uses a dictionary based technique for recognition of place names (with names provided by Geonames), and machine learning for reasoning on the evidences and choosing a possible resolution candidate. The evaluation of our approach was performed in data sets with a metadata schema rich in Dublin Core elements. Two evaluation methods were used. First, we used cross-validation, which showed that our solution is able to achieve a very high precision of 0,99 at 0,55 recall, or a recall of 0,79 at 0,86 precision. Second, we used a comparative evaluation with an existing commercial service, where our solution performed better on any confidence level (p{\textless}0,001).},
	urldate = {2014-11-05},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th Annual International {ACM}/{IEEE} Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
	publisher = {{ACM}},
	author = {Freire, Nuno and Borbinha, José and Calado, Pável and Martins, Bruno},
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {entity recognition, entity resolution, geographic information, information extraction, metadata},
	pages = {339--348},
	file = {ACM Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\MADBC86C\\Freire et al. - 2011 - A Metadata Geoparsing System for Place Name Recogn.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{goodchild_citizens_2007,
	title = {Citizens as voluntary sensors: spatial data infrastructure in the world of Web 2.0},
	shorttitle = {Citizens as voluntary sensors},
	abstract = {Much progress has been made in the past two decades, and increasingly since the popularizing of the Internet and the advent of the Web, in exploiting new technologies in support of the dissemination of geographic information. Data warehouses, spatial data libraries, and geoportals have proliferated, and today’s},
	journal = {International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructures Research},
	author = {Goodchild, Michael F.},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {24--32},
	file = {Citeseer - Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\QDMBX8ZW\\Goodchild - Citizens as voluntary sensors spatial data infras.pdf:application/pdf;Citeseer - Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\6XGZG6MH\\summary.html:text/html}
}

@article{haklay_openstreetmap:_2008,
	title = {{OpenStreetMap}: User-Generated Street Maps},
	volume = {7},
	issn = {1536-1268},
	shorttitle = {{OpenStreetMap}},
	doi = {10.1109/MPRV.2008.80},
	abstract = {The {OpenStreetMap} project is a knowledge collective that provides user-generated street maps. {OSM} follows the peer production model that created Wikipedia; its aim is to create a set of map data that's free to use, editable, and licensed under new copyright schemes. A considerable number of contributors edit the world map collaboratively using the {OSM} technical infrastructure, and a core group, estimated at approximately 40 volunteers, dedicate their time to creating and improving {OSM}'s infrastructure, including maintaining the server, writing the core software that handles the transactions with the server, and creating cartographical outputs. There's also a growing community of software developers who develop software tools to make {OSM} data available for further use across different application domains, software platforms, and hardware devices. The {OSM} project's hub is the main {OSM} Web site.},
	number = {4},
	journal = {{IEEE} Pervasive Computing},
	author = {Haklay, M. and Weber, P.},
	year = {2008},
	keywords = {cartography, collaborative computing, Collaborative software, computer-supported cooperative work, copyright scheme, Earth, Educational institutions, geographic information systems, Geologic measurements, Geology, Global Positioning System, groupware, history, Mobile handsets, {OpenStreetMap} project, peer production model, software developer, software tool, software tools, Spatial databases and {GIS}, Standards development, Standards publication, User-generated content, user-generated street map, Web site, Web sites, Wikipedia},
	pages = {12--18},
	file = {13849.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\D5EV45F6\\13849.pdf:application/pdf;IEEE Xplore Abstract Record:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\F7S4R95G\\login.html:text/html}
}

@article{haklay_2010,
	title = {How good is volunteered geographical information? A comparative study of {OpenStreetMap} and Ordnance Survey datasets},
	volume = {37},
	shorttitle = {How good is volunteered geographical information?},
	url = {http://www.envplan.com/abstract.cgi?id=b35097},
	doi = {10.1068/b35097},
	abstract = {Within the framework of Web 2.0 mapping applications, the most striking example of a geographical application is the {OpenStreetMap} ({OSM}) project. {OSM} aims to create a free digital map of the world and is implemented through the engagement of participants in a mode similar to software development in Open Source projects. The information is collected by many participants, collated on a central database, and distributed in multiple digital formats through the World Wide Web. This type of information was termed ‘Volunteered Geographical Information’ ({VGI}) by Goodchild, 2007. However, to date there has been no systematic analysis of the quality of {VGI}. This study aims to fill this gap by analysing {OSM} information. The examination focuses on analysis of its quality through a comparison with Ordnance Survey ({OS}) datasets. The analysis focuses on London and England, since {OSM} started in London in August 2004 and therefore the study of these geographies provides the best understanding of the achievements and difficulties of {VGI}. The analysis shows that {OSM} information can be fairly accurate: on average within about 6 m of the position recorded by the {OS}, and with approximately 80\% overlap of motorway objects between the two datasets. In the space of four years, {OSM} has captured about 29\% of the area of England, of which approximately 24\% are digitised lines without a complete set of attributes. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the findings to the study of {VGI} as well as suggesting future research directions.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2015-01-12},
	journal = {Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design},
	author = {Haklay, Mordechai},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {682--703},
	file = {Environment and Planning B\: Planning and Design Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\ECGBP77A\\Haklay - 2010 - How good is volunteered geographical information .pdf:application/pdf;Environment and Planning B\: Planning and Design Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\MKDUUZ27\\abstract.html:text/html}
}

@article{haklay_how_2010,
	title = {How Many Volunteers Does it Take to Map an Area Well? The Validity of Linus’ Law to Volunteered Geographic Information},
	volume = {47},
	issn = {0008-7041, 1743-2774},
	shorttitle = {How Many Volunteers Does it Take to Map an Area Well?},
	url = {http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/150404/},
	doi = {10.1179/000870410X12911304958827},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2015-01-12},
	journal = {The Cartographic Journal},
	author = {Haklay, Mordechai (Muki) and Basiouka, Sofia and Antoniou, Vyron and Ather, Aamer},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {315--322},
	file = {UCL Discovery - How Many Volunteers Does it Take to Map an Area Well? The Validity of Linus' Law to Volunteered Geographic Information:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\DFUW67CI\\150404.html:text/html}
}

@inproceedings{havlik_future_2013,
	series = {Berichte aus der Umweltinformatik},
	title = {Future Internet enablers for {VGI} applications.},
	isbn = {978-3-8440-1676-5},
	url = {http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/enviroinfo/enviroinfo2013.html#HavlikSGMSBP13},
	language = {English ({EN})},
	urldate = {2013-11-13},
	booktitle = {{EnviroInfo}},
	publisher = {Shaker},
	author = {Havlik, Denis and Soriano, Javier and Granell, Carlos and Middleton, Stuart E. and van der Schaaf, Hylke and Berre, Arne J. and Pielorz, Jasmin},
	editor = {Page, Bernd and Fleischer, Andreas G. and Göbel, Johannes and Wohlgemuth, Volker},
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {dblp},
	pages = {622--630},
	file = {Future Internet enablers for VGI applications.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\PEHTFD6R\\Future Internet enablers for VGI applications.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{horita_use_2013,
	title = {The use of Volunteered Geographic Information ({VGI}) and Crowdsourcing in Disaster Management: a Systematic Literature Review},
	shorttitle = {The use of Volunteered Geographic Information ({VGI}) and Crowdsourcing in Disaster Management},
	url = {http://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2013/eGovernment/GeneralPresentations/4},
	journal = {{AMCIS} 2013 Proceedings},
	author = {Horita, Flávio Eduardo and Degrossi, Lívia and Assis, Luiz Fernando de and Zipf, Alexander and Albuquerque, João Porto de},
	year = {2013},
	file = {AIS Electronic Library (AISeL) - AMCIS 2013 Proceedings\: The use of Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) and Crowdsourcing in Disaster Management\: a Systematic Literature Review:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\3JWTRXUB\\4.html:text/html}
}

@inproceedings{jackson_synergistic_2010,
	address = {Ispra, Italy},
	title = {The synergistic use of authenticated and crowd-sourced data for emergency response},
	url = {http://globesec. jrc. ec. europa. eu/workshops/valgeo-2010/proceedings},
	booktitle = {2nd International Workshop on Validation of Geo-Information Products for Crisis Management ({VAL}-{gEO})},
	author = {Jackson, M. J. and Rahemtulla, H. and Morley, J.},
	year = {2010},
	file = {The synergistic use of authenticated and crowd-sourced data for emergency response - ResearchGate:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\X4HM9TB6\\259284458_The_synergistic_use_of_authenticated_and_crowd-sourced_data_for_emergency_response.html:text/html}
}

@inproceedings{jung_towards_2011,
	title = {Towards Named Entity Recognition Method for Microtexts in Online Social Networks: A Case Study of Twitter},
	shorttitle = {Towards Named Entity Recognition Method for Microtexts in Online Social Networks},
	doi = {10.1109/ASONAM.2011.39},
	abstract = {Given a certain question, named entity recognition ({NER}) methods can be an efficient strategy to extract relevant answers. The goal of this work is to extend {NER} methods for analyzing a set of micro texts, which are short text on online social media. To do so, we propose two contextual closure properties to discover contextual clusters of micro texts, which can be expected to improve the performance of {NER} tasks. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method for extracting relevant information in online social network applications.},
	booktitle = {2011 International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining ({ASONAM})},
	author = {Jung, J.J.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {data mining, Facebook, Feature extraction, Media, microtexts, Multiplex social network, named entity recognition, named entity recognition method, Network analysis, online social media, online social networks, Organizations, question answering (information retrieval), social networking (online), social networks, text analysis, Twitter},
	pages = {563--564},
	file = {IEEE Xplore Abstract Record:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\GQGNAAFR\\articleDetails.html:text/html;IEEE Xplore Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\BFFHXX7I\\Jung - 2011 - Towards Named Entity Recognition Method for Microt.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{koukoletsos_assessing_2012,
	title = {Assessing Data Completeness of {VGI} through an Automated Matching Procedure for Linear Data: Assessing Data Completeness of {VGI}},
	volume = {16},
	issn = {13611682},
	shorttitle = {Assessing Data Completeness of {VGI} through an Automated Matching Procedure for Linear Data},
	url = {http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1354847/},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9671.2012.01304.x},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2015-01-12},
	journal = {Transactions in {GIS}},
	author = {Koukoletsos, Thomas and Haklay, Mordechai and Ellul, Claire},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {477--498},
	file = {UCL Discovery - Assessing Data Completeness of VGI through an Automated Matching Procedure for Linear Data:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\PZGWQ6F6\\1354847.html:text/html}
}

@inproceedings{liu_framework_2013,
	title = {A framework and implementation for qualitative geographic information retrieval},
	doi = {10.1109/Geoinformatics.2013.6626034},
	abstract = {Qualitative geographic information retrieval ({QGIR}) is proposed in this paper. It is semantic matching oriented and based on the qualitative representation. Qualitative reasoning is used to get the relevance between documents and queries. Compared to the traditional geographic information retrieval ({GIR}), {QGIR} uses qualitative representation for both themes and place names. Semantic spatial relationships are taken into account. The qualitative representation is closer to human spatial recognition and can handle natural language better. A system is built to verify the qualitative theory and to compare the qualitative method with traditional {GIR}. The experiment in the mineral filed shows that {QGIR} can have better searching results and better fulfill people's geographic information retrieval request.},
	booktitle = {2013 21st International Conference on Geoinformatics ({GEOINFORMATICS})},
	author = {Liu, Lei and Gao, Yong and Lin, Xing and Guo, Xiao and Li, Haoran},
	month = jun,
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {cognition, data mining, data structures, document handling, geographic information retrieval request, geographic information systems, Geometry, {GIR}, human spatial recognition, information retrieval, Knowledge based systems, natural language, Ontologies, pattern matching, {QGIR}, qualitative geographic information retrieval, qualitative reasoning, qualitative representation, qualitative theory, query processing, semantic matching, Semantics, semantic spatial relationships, spatial semantic},
	pages = {1--4},
	file = {IEEE Xplore Abstract Record:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\6GUPEV2Z\\articleDetails.html:text/html;IEEE Xplore Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\KV5CPTI7\\Liu et al. - 2013 - A framework and implementation for qualitative geo.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{mooney_annotation_2012,
	title = {The Annotation Process in {OpenStreetMap}},
	volume = {16},
	copyright = {© 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
	issn = {1467-9671},
	url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-9671.2012.01306.x/abstract},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9671.2012.01306.x},
	abstract = {In this article we describe the analysis of 25,000 objects from the {OpenStreetMap} ({OSM}) databases of Ireland, United Kingdom, Germany, and Austria. The objects are selected as exhibiting the characteristics of “heavily edited” objects. We consider “heavily edited” objects as having 15 or more versions over the object's lifetime. Our results indicate that there are some serious issues arising from the way contributors tag or annotate objects in {OSM}. Values assigned to the “name” and “highway” attributes are often subject to frequent and unexpected change. However, this “tag flip-flopping” is not found to be strongly correlated with increasing numbers of contributors. We also show problems with usage of the {OSM} ontology/controlled vocabularly. The majority of errors occurring were caused by contributors choosing values from the ontology “by hand” and spelling these values incorrectly. These issues could have a potentially detrimental effect on the quality of {OSM} data while at the same time damaging the perception of {OSM} in the {GIS} community. The current state of tagging and annotation in {OSM} is not perfect. We feel that the problems identified are a combination of the flexibility of the tagging process in {OSM} and the lack of a strict mechanism for checking adherence to the {OSM} ontology for specific core attributes. More studies related to comparing the names of features in {OSM} to recognized ground-truth datasets are required.},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2015-01-12},
	journal = {Transactions in {GIS}},
	author = {Mooney, Peter and Corcoran, Padraig},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {561--579},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\8XT8PVM9\\Mooney e Corcoran - 2012 - The Annotation Process in OpenStreetMap.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\D92QFQ3N\\abstract.html:text/html}
}

@article{purves_geographic_2011,
	title = {{Geographic Information Retrieval}},
	volume = {3},
	issn = {1946-7729},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2047296.2047297},
	doi = {10.1145/2047296.2047297},
	abstract = {This special issue of {SIGSPATIAL} Special presents a series of notes describing the state of the art in Geographic Information Retrieval. The notes are intended to provide a review of some of the challenges presented as key research areas in Geographic Information Retrieval [Larson, Jones and Purves], and reflect progress in the field in the intervening years. The challenges as originally set out in [2] were the following: • detecting geographical references in the form of place names and associated spatial natural language qualifiers within text documents and in users' queries; • disambiguating place names to determine which particular instance of a name is intended; • geometric interpretation of the meaning of vague place names, such as the 'Midlands' and of vague spatial language such as 'near'; • indexing documents with respect to their geographic context as well as their non-spatial thematic content; • ranking the relevance of documents with respect to geography as well as theme; • developing effective user interfaces that help users to find what they want; and • developing methods to evaluate the success of {GIR}.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2014-11-18},
	journal = {{SIGSPATIAL} Special},
	author = {Purves, Ross and Jones, Christopher},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {2--4},
	file = {ACM Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\X3JJT9DB\\Purves e Jones - 2011 - Geographic Information Retrieval.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@inproceedings{rupp_customising_2013,
	title = {Customising geoparsing and georeferencing for historical texts},
	doi = {10.1109/BigData.2013.6691671},
	abstract = {In order to better support the text mining of historical texts, we propose a combination of complementary techniques from Geographical Information Systems, computational and corpus linguistics. In previous work, we have described this as `visual gisting' to extract important themes from text and locate those themes on a map representing geographical information contained in the text. Here, we describe the steps that were found necessary to apply standard analysis and resolution tools to identify place names in a specific corpus of historical texts. This task is seen as an initial and prerequisite step for further analysis and comparison by combining the information we extract from a corpus with information from other sources, including other text corpora. The process is intended to support close reading of historical texts on a much larger scale by highlighting using exploratory and data-driven approaches which parts of the corpus warrant further close analysis. Our case study presented here is from a corpus of Lake District travel literature. We discuss the customisations that we have to make to existing tools to extract placename information and visualise it on a map.},
	booktitle = {2013 {IEEE} International Conference on Big Data},
	author = {Rupp, C.J. and Rayson, P. and Baron, A. and Donaldson, C. and Gregory, I. and Hardie, A. and Murrieta-Flores, P.},
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {computational linguistics, corpus linguistics, data mining, Geographical Information Systems, geographic information systems, geoparsing, georeferencing, Gold, Historical Corpora, historical texts, history, information extraction, Lake District travel literature, Lakes, Optical character recognition software, place name identification, Pragmatics, Standards, text analysis, text corpora, text mining, toponym resolution},
	pages = {59--62},
	file = {IEEE Xplore Abstract Record:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\5RDDPZSR\\abs_all.html:text/html;IEEE Xplore Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\I26ZK7A3\\Rupp et al. - 2013 - Customising geoparsing and georeferencing for hist.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@inproceedings{parker_relevance_2011,
	title = {Relevance of volunteered geographic information in a real world context},
	url = {https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/dspace-jspui/handle/2134/8801},
	abstract = {Volunteered Geographic Information has the potential to offer value and usability benefits to end-users over and above that of Professional Geographic Information. For this to be accomplished, the user centred factors of both information types must be understood in detail. Through a series of focus groups, the differences between volunteer and professional information sources are investigated relative to the characteristics which are the most, or least relevant to the end-user. These findings have implications for how different forms of information may be most effectively utilised within different usage situations.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2015-01-12},
	author = {Parker, Christopher J. and May, Andrew and Mitchell, Val},
	year = {2011},
    booktitle = {{Proceedings of the GISRUK}},
    address = {{Portsmouth, UK}},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\U74DFN8X\\Parker et al. - 2011 - Relevance of volunteered geographic information in.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\BT2D8KI7\\8801.html:text/html}
}

@book{surowiecki_wisdom_2005,
	address = {New York},
	edition = {Reprint edition},
	title = {The Wisdom of Crowds},
	isbn = {9780385721707},
	abstract = {In this fascinating book, New Yorker business columnist James Surowiecki explores a deceptively simple idea: Large groups of people are smarter than an elite few, no matter how brilliant–better at solving problems, fostering innovation, coming to wise decisions, even predicting the future. With boundless erudition and in delightfully clear prose, Surowiecki ranges across fields as diverse as popular culture, psychology, ant biology, behavioral economics, artificial intelligence, military history, and politics to show how this simple idea offers important lessons for how we live our lives, select our leaders, run our companies, and think about our world.},
	language = {English},
	publisher = {Anchor},
	author = {Surowiecki, James},
	month = aug,
	year = {2005}
}

@article{vicente_location-related_2011,
	title = {Location-Related Privacy in Geo-Social Networks},
	volume = {15},
	issn = {1089-7801},
	doi = {10.1109/MIC.2011.29},
	abstract = {Geo-social networks ({GeoSNs}) provide context-aware services that help associate location with users and content. The proliferation of {GeoSNs} indicates that they're rapidly attracting users. {GeoSNs} currently offer different types of services, including photo sharing, friend tracking, and "check-ins." However, this ability to reveal users' locations causes new privacy threats, which in turn call for new privacy-protection methods. The authors study four privacy aspects central to these social networks - location, absence, co-location, and identity privacy - and describe possible means of protecting privacy in these circumstances.},
	number = {3},
	journal = {{IEEE} Internet Computing},
	author = {Vicente, C.R. and Freni, D. and Bettini, C. and Jensen, Christian S.},
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {context-aware services, data privacy, Encryption, Facebook, friend tracking, {GeoSNs}, geo social networks, {GIS}, Internet, location related privacy, Mobile radio mobility management, photo sharing, privacy, privacy protection methods, privacy threats, Proposals, Real time systems, social networking (online), Social network services, spatial databases, Tagging},
	pages = {20--27},
	file = {IEEE Xplore Abstract Record:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\A9JFKC9M\\abs_all.html:text/html;IEEE Xplore Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\E2SMUBTK\\Vicente et al. - 2011 - Location-Related Privacy in Geo-Social Networks.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@inproceedings{watanabe_jasmine:_2011,
	address = {New York, {NY}, {USA}},
	series = {{CIKM} '11},
	title = {Jasmine: A Real-time Local-event Detection System Based on Geolocation Information Propagated to Microblogs},
	isbn = {978-1-4503-0717-8},
	shorttitle = {Jasmine},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2063576.2064014},
	doi = {10.1145/2063576.2064014},
	abstract = {We propose a system for detecting local events in the real-world using geolocation information from microblog documents. A local event happens when people with a common purpose gather at the same time and place. To detect such an event, we identify a group of Twitter documents describing the same theme that were generated within a short time and a small geographic area. Timestamps and geotags are useful for finding such documents, but only 0.7\% of documents are geotagged and not sufficient for this purpose. Therefore, we propose an automatic geotagging method that identifies the location of non-geotagged documents. Our geotagging method successfully increased the number of geographic groups by about 115 times. For each group of documents, we extract co-occurring terms to identify its theme and determine whether it is about an event. We subjectively evaluated the precision of our detected local events and found that it had 25.5\% accuracy. These results demonstrate that our system can detect local events that are difficult to identify using existing event detection methods. A user can interactively specify the size of a desired event by manipulating the parameters of date, area size, and the minimum number of Twitter users associated with the location. Our system allows users to enjoy the novel experience of finding a local event happening near their current location in real time.},
	urldate = {2014-11-05},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 20th {ACM} International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management},
	publisher = {{ACM}},
	author = {Watanabe, Kazufumi and Ochi, Masanao and Okabe, Makoto and Onai, Rikio},
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {event detection, Microblogs},
	pages = {2541--2544},
	file = {ACM Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\ZF4IGSZD\\Watanabe et al. - 2011 - Jasmine A Real-time Local-event Detection System .pdf:application/pdf}
}

@inproceedings{magdy_taghreed:_2014,
	title = {{Taghreed: A System for Querying, Analyzing, and Visualizing Geotagged Microblogs}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 22nd ACM {SIGSPATIAL}},
    publisher = {{ACM}},
    address = {{Dallas}, {Texas}, {USA}},
	author = {Magdy, Amr and Alarabi, Louai and Al-Harthi, Saif and Musleh, Mashaal and Ghanem, Thanaa M. and Ghani, Sohaib and Mokbel, Mohamed F.},
	year = {2014},
	file = {paper_full_magdy.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\3IDJNT4E\\paper_full_magdy.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@inproceedings{campelo_2008,
	address = {New York, {NY}, {USA}},
	title = {Geographic Scope Modeling for Web Documents},
	isbn = {978-1-60558-253-5},
    series = {{GIR'08}},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1460007.1460010},
	doi = {10.1145/1460007.1460010},
	abstract = {Geographic Information Retrieval ({GIR}) has become a very attractive area of research. {GIR} is a specialization of a traditional information retrieval system, which may index and search Web documents based on their spatial footprints. Research in this new field may be categorized into crawling spatial-related documents, modeling the geographic scope of a document, indexing these documents using textual and spatial features, and the building of spatially-enabled searching and ranking. This paper presents a method for modeling the geographic scope. The proposed model is based on both the statistics collected from the detected references; and the spatial distribution of the places involved in a given document. This model aims to simplify the indexing and searching processes. Furthermore, the number of spatial operations is reduced, as a consequence the overall performance is improved.},
	urldate = {2015-01-21},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Geographic Information Retrieval},
	publisher = {{ACM}},
	author = {Campelo, Cláudio E. C. and Baptista, Cláudio de Souza},
	year = {2008},
	keywords = {Geographic information retrieval, geographic information systems, spatial databases},
	pages = {11--18},
	file = {ACM Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\B6TFM7GD\\Calazans Campelo e de Souza Baptista - 2008 - Geographic Scope Modeling for Web Documents.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{hawelka_geo-located_2014,
	title = {Geo-located Twitter as proxy for global mobility patterns},
	volume = {41},
	issn = {1523-0406},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2014.890072},
	doi = {10.1080/15230406.2014.890072},
	abstract = {Pervasive presence of location-sharing services made it possible for researchers to gain an unprecedented access to the direct records of human activity in space and time. This article analyses geo-located Twitter messages in order to uncover global patterns of human mobility. Based on a dataset of almost a billion tweets recorded in 2012, we estimate the volume of international travelers by country of residence. Mobility profiles of different nations were examined based on such characteristics as mobility rate, radius of gyration, diversity of destinations, and inflow–outflow balance. Temporal patterns disclose the universally valid seasons of increased international mobility and the particular character of international travels of different nations. Our analysis of the community structure of the Twitter mobility network reveals spatially cohesive regions that follow the regional division of the world. We validate our result using global tourism statistics and mobility models provided by other authors and argue that Twitter is exceptionally useful for understanding and quantifying global mobility patterns.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2014-10-31},
	journal = {Cartography and Geographic Information Science},
	author = {Hawelka, Bartosz and Sitko, Izabela and Beinat, Euro and Sobolevsky, Stanislav and Kazakopoulos, Pavlos and Ratti, Carlo},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {260--271},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\397TSNPQ\\Hawelka et al. - 2014 - Geo-located Twitter as proxy for global mobility p.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\VZTFD3UR\\15230406.2014.html:text/html}
}

@article{lee_urban_2013,
	title = {Urban area characterization based on crowd behavioral lifelogs over Twitter},
	volume = {17},
	issn = {1617-4909, 1617-4917},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00779-012-0510-9},
	doi = {10.1007/s00779-012-0510-9},
	abstract = {Recent location-based social networking sites are attractively providing us with a novel capability of monitoring massive crowd lifelogs in the real-world space. In particular, they make it easier to collect publicly shared crowd lifelogs in a large scale of geographic area reflecting the crowd’s daily lives and even more characterizing urban space through what they have in minds and how they behave in the space. In this paper, we challenge to analyze urban characteristics in terms of crowd behavior by utilizing crowd lifelogs in urban area over the social networking sites. In order to collect crowd behavioral data, we exploit the most famous microblogging site, Twitter, where a great deal of geo-tagged micro lifelogs emitted by massive crowds can be easily acquired. We first present a model to deal with crowds’ behavioral logs on the social network sites as a representing feature of urban space’s characteristics, which will be used to conduct crowd-based urban characterization. Based on this crowd behavioral feature, we will extract significant crowd behavioral patterns in a period of time. In the experiment, we conducted the urban characterization by extracting the crowd behavioral patterns and examined the relation between the regions of common crowd activity patterns and the major categories of local facilities.},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2014-10-31},
	journal = {Personal and Ubiquitous Computing},
	author = {Lee, Ryong and Wakamiya, Shoko and Sumiya, Kazutoshi},
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {Computer Science, general, Crowd behavior, Location-based social network sites, Microblogs, Personal Computing, Urban characteristics, User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction},
	pages = {605--620},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\ZJQIJHX3\\Lee et al. - 2013 - Urban area characterization based on crowd behavio.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Maxwell\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\m304v11m.default\\zotero\\storage\\MF5ISK3N\\10.html:text/html}
}