\documentclass[jidm,a4paper]{jidm} % NOTE: JIDM is published on A4 paper

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%tables
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%
% Macro definitions
%
% boundary (general)
\newcommand{\bo}[1]{\partial #1}
% closure
\newcommand{\cl}[1]{\overline{#1}}
% crisp spatial difference
\newcommand{\cdiffer}{\ominus}
% crisp spatial intersection
\newcommand{\cinter}{\otimes}
% crisp spatial union
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% empty set
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% exterior
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% "so that" symbol '|' ({x | P})
\newcommand{\sothat}{\,|\,}
% set intersection
\newcommand{\intersection}{\cap}
% set union
\newcommand{\union}{\cup}

%Cristina names
\newcommand{\name}{VagueGeometry}
\newcommand{\nameimp}{MBRVP}
\newcommand{\nametest}{\emph{VagueGeometry}}
\newcommand{\nameimptest}{\emph{VagueGeometry+}}
\newcommand{\baseline}{\emph{baseline}}


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% Mark text
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% The following data (volume, number and page) are given by the editors prior to publishing your article
\jidmVolume{6}
\jidmNumber{1}
\jidmYear{15}
\jidmMonth{June}
\setcounter{page}{1}

% Includes headers with simplified name of the authors and article title
\markboth{A. C. Carniel, R. R. Ciferri, and C. D. A. Ciferri}
{The VagueGeometry Abstract Data Type}

% Title of the article
\title{The VagueGeometry Abstract Data Type}

% List of authors
%IF THERE ARE TWO or more institutions, please use:
%\author{Name of Author1\inst{1}, Name of Author2\inst{2}, Name of Author3\inst{2}}
\author{Anderson Chaves Carniel\inst{1}, Ricardo Rodrigues Ciferri\inst{2}, Cristina Dutra de Aguiar Ciferri\inst{1}}

%Affiliation and email
\institute{University of S\~{a}o Paulo, Brazil \\ \email{accarniel@gmail.com, cdac@icmc.usp.br}
\and
Federal University of S\~{a}o Carlos, Brazil \\ \email{ricardo@dc.ufscar.br}
}

% Article abstract - it should be from 100 to 300 words
\begin{abstract}
\emph{Spatial vagueness} has been increasingly required by geoscientists to handle \emph{vague spatial objects}, that is, spatial objects found in real-world phenomena that do not have exact locations, strict boundaries, or sharp interiors. However, there is a gap in the literature in how to handle spatial vagueness in spatial database management systems and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) since they mainly provide support to \emph{crisp spatial objects}, that is, objects that have well-defined locations, boundaries, and interiors. In this article, we fill this gap. We propose \name, a novel \emph{abstract data type} that allows users to manipulate vague spatial objects in spatial applications and GIS. The main advantages of our \name\ are that
(i) it offers textual and binary representations for vague spatial objects,
(ii) it includes an expressive set of vague spatial operations,
(iii) it supports SQL operators, and
(iv) its implementation is open source.
Experimental results show that \name\ improved the performance of spatial queries with vague topological predicates from 21\% up to 98\% if compared with functionalities available in current spatial databases.
\end{abstract}

% ACM Computing Classification System categories
\category{H.2.8}{Database Management}{Spatial databases and GIS}

% Article keywords in alphabetical order
\keywords{abstract data types, spatial databases, vague spatial objects, vague topological predicates}

\begin{document}
\begin{sloppy}

% This is for the grants:
\begin{bottomstuff}
The authors have been supported by the Brazilian research agencies FAPESP, CAPES, and CNPq.
\end{bottomstuff}

\maketitle

\input{SecIntroduction.tex}

\input{SecRelatedWork.tex}

\input{SecVagueSpatialData.tex}

\input{SecVagueGeometry.tex}

\input{SecImprovement.tex}

\input{SecExperimentalEvaluation.tex}

\input{SecConclusions.tex}


\bibliographystyle{jidm}
\bibliography{VagueGeometry}
\end{sloppy}

\begin{received}
\end{received}
\end{document}
