Revista da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
The main objective of this important journal from our university is to address specific themes from an interdisciplinary and transversal perspective. In response to a project outlined when it was relaunched in 2012, in 2020 it became one of the activities of the Institute for Advanced Transdisciplinary Studies at UFMG, with a four-monthly frequency and in a digital version housed in the UFMG Pediatrics Portal. Created in 1929 with the name Revista da Universidade de Minas Gerais, it received its current name in 1965 and suffered an interruption in its publication in 1969, which lasted for 43 years. The UFMG Magazine is a quarterly publication from the Federal University of Minas Gerais.
Construction and validation of a protocol for perioperative nursing care for LATEX FREE patients
Upon admission to the Surgical Center, the professional must develop a care plan to minimize risks in surgical patients. Perioperative anaphylactic reactions are potentially life-threatening, especially in patients with latex hypersensitivity. The objective of this work is to build and carry out the validation process of a latex free protocol for operating and providing safe care in a standardized way. This is a methodological research, which was conducted in two cities in Pernambuco. Ten judges participated in the protocol validation process, who had a degree in nursing, among them were also nursing doctors, masters, specialists in the perioperative or surgical area, professionals with experience in the areas and professionals with methodological experience. As for the content validation process, it was established based on the I - IVC with a total sample of 0.99 for relevance and all protocol items, such as structure and presentation with 0.99, being evaluated as relevant by the judges and the S -IVC has an average of 0.97. It proved to be a valid and suitable device to be made available and used in the hospital perioperative period. It is expected that this study will make a valuable contribution to the latex-allergic population and health professionals regarding its management and care, bringing about a possible reduction in damage arising from this hypersensitivity.
Copyright (c) 2024 VASCONCELOS; Marcela Klyviann Bezerra de; VALENÇA, Marilia Perrelli; FILHO; Jabiael Carneiro da Silva; NEVES; Giselda Bezerra Correia. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Work relations in women's football in Brazil
In this study, we explore the modernization of work relations in women's football in Brazil, emphasizing the emergence of agents as central figures in the formalization of contracts and career management of female players, from the perspective of gender relations and intersectionality. Twenty athletes from Serie A1 of the years 2020 and 2021 were interviewed, with inclusion criteria based on experience and career length. The findings reveal that professionalization has brought advances such as increased structure and visibility, but also new forms of dependency and vulnerability, with agents centralizing power. Regional and economic inequalities exacerbate the fragmentation of contractual practices, particularly affecting players outside the major centers. The discrepancy between the promise of professionalization and the reality faced underscores the need for more effective regulation.
Copyright (c) 2024 MARTINS, Mariana Zuaneti; DELARMELINA, Gabriela Borel; SOUZA, Letícia Carvalho de. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Scenarios of the future of work designed by capitalism
This article discusses the future of work from a discursive, cultural and critical perspective. We analyze the report “Workforce of the future: the competing forces shaping 2030”, signed by one of the world's largest business consultancies, PwC. Our aim is to understand the meanings of work and the ideological elements that make up the projections of the future published in the document. Carrico (2013) defines “mainstream futurology” as the ideologically marked discourses of the reports, research and white papers of large capitalist corporations. We understand these discourses as expressions of the capitalism of our time. The methodology is based on the social discourse approach (Angenot) and neoliberal discourse analysis (Guilbert). Through the analyses, we identified the design of the future of work derived from capitalist rationality, technological determinism and the organizational vision transformed into a social scenario, concealing the possibilities of imagination and the construction of other possible worlds.
Copyright (c) 2024 Revista da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
During the second semester of 2023 and the first semester of 2024, as part of the Supervised Internship in Work Psychology at PUC Minas São Gabriel, we conducted an intervention-research project in the Dois de Julho Settlement, part of the Landless Workers' Movement (MST), in Belo Horizonte's Metropolitan Region. Our initial objective was to understand the ways of life and work of these workers, but we expanded our analysis to include the MST's struggle for Agrarian Reform, the meanings attributed to work, sociability, subjectivation, and socio-environmental care practices. Grounded in a Marxian reading of labor and Work Psychology, we employed technical visits, semi-structured interviews, and participant observation. The preliminary results highlight the emotional bond with the land, contrasting with alienated labor in capitalism, and point towards overcoming the sociability of capital, aiming to build a fairer, more fraternal, and supportive society, free from the laws of the market and capital.
Copyright (c) 2024 VIEIRA, Carlos Edurdo Carrusca; SILVA, Leonardo de Miranda e; PEREIRA, Ana Carolina Fernandes; RABELO, Shirley. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Crisis, productive restructuring, and migration:
In this paper, I examine the shifts in international migration patterns since the early 21st century, focusing on the movement of Haitians to Brazil, particularly to the state of Paraná, between 2010 and 2018. I analyze the role of the Brazilian state in this process, questioning whether its actions and mechanisms contributed to Brazil becoming a migration destination during this period. I explore the relationship between contemporary capitalist crises, productive restructuring, and migration, highlighting how changes in regulatory frameworks convert economic difficulties into opportunities to deepen neoliberal policies, influencing the volume of migration flows and shifts in migratory patterns. I demonstrate how this process was realized and argue that specific modifications to regulatory frameworks and geopolitical actions, both facilitated productive restructuring and enabled the attraction of Haitian migrants to Brazil. Their integration into the workforce served as a means to reduce production costs through wage suppression.
crisis; productive restructuring; migration; migration policy; state.
Self-Composition and work in the digital era
This article examines the role of autocomposition in protecting workers' rights in a context of increasing precarization and flexibility in the workplace, particularly in the context of uberization and digital platform-based work. Based on a qualitative approach, the research adopts a critical analysis of academic literature and emblematic case studies, as well as reports from labor organizations. The review of concepts such as precarization, platform work, and autocomposition serves as a foundation for exploring the intersections between these themes. The central objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of autocomposition as a tool for protecting and strengthening labor rights in the digital age. The results indicate that autocomposition can act as a viable mechanism to mitigate the adverse effects of precarization, offering a pathway to strengthen working conditions in an environment of extreme volatility.
Copyright (c) 2024 FELICIANO, Pedro Henrique; MOURA, Rafael Soares Duarte de; SILVA, Vitória Dreide Xavier Araújo. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
In recent years, there has been an increasing use of apps as a way to perform basic daily services, especially for meal delivery. This scenario has led to the emergence of a new business model known as dark kitchens, which function as small hidden factories for meals within the urban fabric of major cities around the world. In this context, this article seeks to understand how this phenomenon is taking place in the city of Belo Horizonte. To achieve this, data mining was conducted on the ifood delivery platform, extracting the addresses of restaurants registered in its catalog. After filtering 34 addresses, fieldwork was carried out to observe the architecture and operation of these establishments. As a result of the research, locational advantages of dark kitchens in Belo Horizonte were identified, with them being established near higher-income areas of the city and important roadways.
João Carlos Carvalhaes dos Santos Monteiro
Copyright (c) 2024 TEIXEIRA, João Marcos; CARDOSO, Leandro; TOZI, Fábio; LOBO, Carlos Fernando Ferreira; MONTEIRO, João Carlos Carvalhaes dos Santos. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Perception of users of Centro de Convivência XXXX regarding insertion in formal work
The Brazilian Psychiatric Reform is marked by constant efforts by various actors to assert the defense of citizenship and the rights of people with mental disorders, including the right to work. The objective of this study is to understand the perception of users of the Community Center regarding the experience of the Project for the Insertion of Mental Health Users into the Formal Labor Market and the possible repercussions on their daily lives. A qualitative study was conducted through semi-structured interviews with ten users. Participants reported difficulties in reintegrating into work after experiencing mental suffering. The Project was pointed out by users as an opportunity to return to the labor market and to create social ties, but they also revealed difficulties related to the conditions, precariousness and organization of work, in a way similar to the reality of other socially vulnerable groups in the country.
Beyond the app: Analysis of “Sorry We Missed You” and the uberization of work
When analyzing the working conditions of app drivers, the challenges imposed by uberization, which represents a specific approach to exploiting and managing workers through technological advances, become evident. Based on the movie “Sorry We Missed You” (2019), this article reflects on this phenomenon. Methodologically, we used film analysis, which allows us to establish connections between bibliography and film. The aim is not only to highlight but also to understand the social, economic and psychological impacts of uberization, contributing to a comprehensive reflection on the dynamics of current capitalism. The results show that the uberization of work goes beyond the use of new technologies, transforming the social life of individuals, contributing to the psychological imbalance of workers, maximizing exploitation by imposing long working hours and impacting on family dynamics by reducing the time available, as well as gaining strength with the stony illusion of the search for autonomy and self-entrepreneurship.
Copyright (c) 2024 RODRIGUES, Cibelle; PEREIRA, Jullya de Faria; TOLEDO, Dimitri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The impacts of the covid-19 pandemic on the young apprentice program at rede cidadã
This study seeks to identify the complications and alternatives used in the application of the Professional Learning Law or Young Apprentice Program by the social organization Rede Cidadã throughout the covid-19 pandemic (which was in force as a global emergency from 2020 to 2023). It was considered that the period covered was one of severe political turmoil in Brazil and offensives to dismantle social achievements, which impacted the Learning policy. As a methodology, a descriptive approach was used according to the Actor-Network Theory conception, encompassing immersion with apprentices, social educators and the institution's pedagogical material. The findings demonstrate society's defense of public policy, as well as problems of adherence, scope and agreement between the social entities involved in it. In this scenario, it was concluded that the challenges posed by the increase in labor losses, remote interactions and the increasing use of digital technologies constitute a factor for attention.
Copyright (c) 2024 HALLACK, Fernanda Sansão; TSALLIS, Alexandra Cleopatre. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The work of the technical teams of the Unified Social Assistance System has been marked by policies that make work more flexible and precarious. This study aimed to understand the work experiences of the technical team of a CRAS in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre. This is a qualitative study, which involved the participation of 7 workers, aged between 25 and 60 years old. The collection included the application of a sociodemographic questionnaire and a focus group. Data analysis was based on the Meaning Nucleus Analysis technique, with three nuclei being established: the first, presenting the characteristics of the workspace; the second, presenting experiences of suffering; the third nucleus, presenting strategies for mediating suffering. It was concluded that actions to promote and care for the health of SUAS workers are necessary so that they can carry out their work with quality, guaranteeing the rights guaranteed to the population.
Copyright (c) 2024 SPERAFICO, Ana Laís Kissmann; GIONGO, Carmem Regina; PEREZ, Karine Vanessa;
Individualization and construction of inequalities in work experiences
This article shares findings on the ways in which technological mediation and the processes of individualization that it entails impact work experiences and are in solidarity with the processes of precarization and construction of inequalities that mark our times. Based on the review of studies carried out in traditional activities such as university teaching and in emerging occupations such as delivery work mediated by platforms, the objective and subjective factors that configure precariousness are identified and the meanings associated with the production and construction of inequalities are reconstructed.
Copyright (c) 2024 PUJOL, Andrea. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Percepções acerca dos ritos institucionais
Objectives: understand the meanings attributed by members of the Brazilian Academy of Nursing History to Institutional Rites and how the rites act in the construction of professional nursing identities. Method: qualitative and exploratory research on professional identities, with an Oral History approach. The interviews were carried out with the founding members and with the members who underwent the Rite of Induction and became Academic members. The body of documents was subjected to Content Analysis, by Bardin, and discussed in light of the theory of identities construction, by Claude Dubar. Results: two categories were identified, the first reveals the importance of rites within the process of building professional identities and social image, and the other reveals the duality between professional identity and social image. Final considerations: rites are capable of conferring belonging and recognition on those social actors involved in them, in addition to contributing to the process of identity construction.
In the context of neoliberalism and technological advances, the world of work has undergone social transformations, with the considerable expansion of teleworking, especially after the pandemic. Starting from the concept of body-territory, this article seeks to reflect on the dilemmas of recognizing the causal link of psychosomatic illnesses and health disorders, developed under the organizational model of teleworking. The psychosocial risks, emanating from the distance work paradigm, impact the teleworker's territory. Without forgetting the doctrinal examination and the critical perspective on the subject, as a methodological focus, a qualitative analysis of the jurisprudence of the Regional Labor Court of the 3rd Region will be carried out, compared with decisions of the Superior Labor Court, regarding the problems of recognizing the nexus of causality of psychosomatic illnesses. It is necessary to understand that the postulate of labor protection has an expansive connotation, not restricted to the face-to-face territory.
This article is part of a research project aimed at analyzing the lifestyles and labor trajectories of graffiti artists in Belo Horizonte. Through qualitative research, particularly ethnography, including interviews with artists and participant observation, we seek to understand how graffiti artists interact with public space, cultural institutions, and public and private agents in the art world. By following the artists in their daily routines and analyzing their narratives about experiences in the city, we make visible socio-spatial boundaries that regulate and monitor public access to art and institutions based on social distinctions. The research findings indicate that graffiti is a social phenomenon that reveals social inequalities and mechanisms of exclusion, while also uncovering urban flows, possibilities for hybridization, and exchanges between urban peripheries and public and semi-public spaces.
Copyright (c) 2024 RIBEIRO, Rodrigo de Abreu; MEDEIROS, Regina de Paula. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Complexidade e idosos no mercado de trabalho
ABSTRACT: With the global demographic shift characterized by population aging, it is necessary to understand the relationship between economic sophistication, measured by economic complexity, and the inclusion of the elderly in the labor market. Using panel data models, this study aimed to empirically contribute to the understanding of this issue. It was observed that, while it is common to find a positive relationship between complexity and employment in general, this dynamic is different when it comes to the employment of the elderly in the municipalities of Minas Gerais. The results diverge from the findings in the literature, especially when compared to studies conducted in developed countries.
Copyright (c) 2024 PEDERZINI, Felipe Nalesso; COSTA, João Pedro Revoredo Pereira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
This work starts from trigger texts by writers of chronicles and short stories, for a discussion of the term “new normal”, which received media attention between 2020 and 2023 during the covid-19 pandemic, focusing mainly on the implications of concentrating activities such as work simultaneously with others within the home space, blurring the boundaries between each one. The final period of isolation is then addressed, questioning how technology has provided an almost infinite opening to experiences within the digital environment, bringing the metaphor of the aleph by Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges into dialogue with thinkers such as Beatriz Colomina, Byung-Chul Han, Jonathan Crary, Michel Foucault, Silvia Federici, among others. Based on the spatial restriction and its impact on everyday life at home and at work, the aim is to discuss this supposed new normal and its most dramatic issues during this pandemic period, as well as some of its implications at a later time when health organizations have already declared it over.
The article discusses some of the results of empirical research on the repercussions of work on the life trajectories of young people who graduated from the Brazilian Red Cross, in partnership with the Federal University of Minas Gerais, through narrative research methodology. From the dialogue with authors from the field of Sociology of Youth, Work and Education, in the theoretical-methodological path, singular experiences and how the individual attributed meaning to their trajectory were highlighted. Research with narratives was also a representative pillar, above all, for valuing the report as a means of investigation and as a form of knowledge production. We highlight that the “Youth” category is diverse, as are the subjects that compose it. It brings elements that allow us to reflect on the place that work occupies in the education of poor young people, which may have had repercussions on different life trajectories of these young people.
Copyright (c) 2024 ALVES, Jaqueline Silvério; NEVES, Inajara de Salles Viana. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Laws of nature and (un)sustainable development
The article discusses scientific discoveries and their applications made by Homo sapiens throughout history, in particular, the negative effects on living beings and the planet. The development model followed by humanity, based on classical logic, has proven to be unsustainable. A new perspective on the laws of nature can guide a logic that provides a sustainable development model. The impacts caused by the Coronavirus (covid-19) epidemic and the effects of deforestation in the Amazon and Cerrado are briefly discussed. Finally, it makes suggestions for the educational system model that also needs significant change. Only with a new educational development model will the human, social and environmental development model be a reality.
Copyright (c) 2024 BARRETO, Francisco César de Sá. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The article aims to discuss trades and professional knowledge that are socially constituted in the workplace. From a reflection on the social constitution of professional knowledge, it analyzes the knowledge considered dominant and that of trades, prescribed work and real work, extending the discussion to the processes of learning this knowledge in the housing construction sector. The analysis is based on two field studies, using qualitative techniques, carried out in different contexts and at different times in history, both focusing on the professional learning process. From the research, we highlight the centrality of memory, creativity and knowledge developed on the spot in everyday work. We highlight the configuration and permanence of knowledge and the potential that emerges from the articulation between the processes of work-based learning that can be developed in different training environments.
Copyright (c) 2024 COSTA, Luciano; APRILE, Maria Rita; BARONE, Rosa Elisa Mirra.
The expansion of artificial intelligence and its impact on social dynamics
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is driving a recent industrial revolution, transforming tasks from manual to those requiring intelligence. As we enter an enthusiastic phase about the benefits of AI, this is propelled by affordable access to processing and memory, emerging paradigms like deep neural networks, and vast available data. However, alongside the enthusiasm, legitimate concerns arise. Perspectives on impact vary, including the role of digital platforms, labor market transformation, and business digitization. Ethics in AI has become an unavoidable necessity, not merely an intellectual debate, addressing shared autonomy, privacy, cybersecurity, and socio-economic impacts. In the face of these challenges, collaboration across fields, governments, and organizations is crucial to establish robust ethical foundations and ensure that AI benefits humanity fairly.
Copyright (c) 2023 Revista da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Recent advances in the area of artificial intelligence and natural language processing have driven several changes in the legal field. There is a constant modernization movement in Brazilian law, which focuses primarily on transparency and access to information. The large volume of legal documents makes room for the development and use of intelligent tools that seek to organize and facilitate the management of this collection. In this work, we show how the use of language models together with supported modeling techniques can organize and extract knowledge from these extensive legal collections, revealing themes that are often implicit and unknown, which brings benefits to several applications, such as the search for similar documents and the recommendation of legal texts.
The dissemination of art generated by artificial intelligence, or generative art, is changing the creative industries. This article discusses technological, aesthetic and economic issues of generative art. Although technology can make possible new forms of artistic expression, its status as art is not certain. Defenders see it as a non-anthropocentric artform, critics emphasize that art is made by humans. Cultural economics can understand economic aspects of generative art, such as the decision of adopting it in large scale to stave off the cost disease; it also shows that there is a chain of workers and artists that may not be given the due recognition in the production process of generative art. I call this trait of “viscerality”. The article concludes that generative art does not succeed in creating non-anthropocentric art because of the viscerally human factor in artificial intelligence.
The potential of artificial intelligence for optimizing the conflict scaling system
In the face of an increasingly higher demand for normative effectiveness in procedural-jurisdictional actions, artificial intelligence (AI) models have been implemented in various courts in Brazil and have already become a public policy through the SINAPSES platform. While on one hand, such systems are viewed as a promise to enhance the administration of justice, on the other hand, there is still much to clarify about their functioning, their limits, and the challenges. The present study identifies three AI experiences in Brazilian courts (SINAPSES; Project PEDRO and Project Victor), conducting an assessment of these initiatives up to the present moment and reflecting on potential challenges in implementing AI in the Judiciary. It is concluded that the systemic use of AI mitigates several dilemmas of procedural efficiency, potentially benefiting society as a whole, as long as its application is reconciled with ethical parameters and fundamental guarantees, without prejudice to the implementation of specific solutions for privacy, security, and XAI (explainable artificial intelligence).
Machine learning and the short-term Forecast for maximum wind speed
Events of great intensity of winds, such as the passage of cold fronts, the occurrence of cyclones, bomb cyclones, among others, are frequent in southern Brazil. The region also stands out for the production of electricity from the winds, which depends on a stochastic resource and, therefore, there will always be uncertainty about the final production. Considering this scenario, the present work aimed to analyze the performance of machine learning models for predicting the maximum wind speed one hour ahead. Linear regression was the method with the lowest predictive capacity. The artificial neural network and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) performed better in terms of metrics. The results obtained demonstrated promising prediction capacity. These represent a possibility of innovation in the prediction of maximum wind speeds, especially when inserted in places where different phenomena with extreme winds occur.
Structural integrity monitoring using artificial intelligence
This paper presents a systematic review and brings critical reflections on the use of artificial intelligence techniques to identify structural deterioration through vibration signals (i.e., accelerations, displacements, etc.). Approaches based on machine learning and deep learning are considered promising for increasing safety and optimizing preventive maintenance schedules. However, some authors recognize concerns arising from strictly supervised methods, the “black box” nature of the models and their interpretability by human operators. Therefore, the contribution of this work is to provide relevant information about the current damage detection paradigm, enabling real-time, non-destructive and reliable predictions about construction safety within the scope of Industry 4.0. Furthermore, challenges related to the use of computational intelligence for pattern recognition and decision-making in monitoring structural anomalies are reported and examined in recent case studies.
The artificial intelligence represented in Genshin Impact, regulatory initiatives and algorithmic literacy
One of the stories in the game Genshin Impact features an artificial intelligence, called Akasha, used by citizens and academics in the Sumeru region. The protagonist of the story, a traveler named Aether and his partner Paimon, arrive in the region and start using a device that connects them to the big data of Akasha; the story symbolically has a gradation that passes through both technophilia and technodeterminism (Bernard Miège). It is based on this symbolic character that, using exploratory research with an emphasis on content analysis – the mission dialogues – we transpose these elements to reality, seeking to punctuate governmental regulatory initiatives on artificial intelligence (European Union, United States, Brazil), as well as non-governmental ones (Future of Life Institute). Finally, we look at the communication science approaches to the subject (Lucia Santaella, David Gunkel et al.) and conclude that transdisciplinarity and algorithmic literacy are essential.
This paper analyzes the evolution of attention-based models in Natural Language Processing (NLP) with an informal tone, starting from 2003 and culminating in the transformer architectures we know since 2017. We explain how transformers have managed to solve significant benchmarks for commonsense reasoning in Artificial Intelligence due to their pre-training. Further, we investigate the parallel between the concept of 'gist' in human language understanding, as proposed by Roger Schank, and the 'embeddings' now employed in machine learning. Towards the end of the paper, we discuss a well-known problem with these models, the so-called "hallucinations." This phenomenon highlights the models' struggle to discern fact from fiction, necessitating further research to mitigate its impact. We frame this issue in the context of David Lewis's work, arguing that it represents a fundamental challenge for language models.
Obstacles for an autonomous urban mobility
Over centuries of technological development, it has been possible for human beings to create and develop new tools that meet mobility needs inside and outside the urban environment. Several technologies are converging to create a new kind of mobility The 4.0. This article aims to discuss the Mobility 4.0 main implementation obstacles over the urban centers and its impacts from a human perspective. To this end, researchers led a review and analysis of the already published bibliography on this topic and its related subjects. In conclusion, Mobility 4.0 is still a distant scenario from reality due to the limitation of technologies and the attitude of human beings concerning the transit system itself, automation, or ethical and moral dilemmas.
Heuristic proposal for generation of valid solutions to a forest production planning problem
In the forestry sector, efficient planning of activities is considered essential for companies to achieve their goals and remain competitive in the market. In order to assist in this process, this work proposes the development and evaluation of a heuristic for generation of valid solutions for a forest production planning problem involving 120 stands and 81 management alternatives per field, totaling 9720 decision variables. In the tests carried out, such proposed heuristic presented promising results when compared to literature, indicating that it is capable of providing good quality solutions with low computational cost. Results also indicate that the inclusion of solutions obtained by using the proposed heuristic in the set of initial individuals/antibodies of Genetic Algorithm and Clonal Selection Algorithm can generate a significant improvement in the quality of final solutions and, consequently, in the performance of such meta-heuristics.