adaptação aos métodos de ensino e a insegurança quanto à aprendizagem. Para além
dos objetivos propostos, o trabalho empírico, ao ouvir os estudantes, revelou que são
necessárias transformações epistemológicas relativas às posturas de professores e
alunos. Além disso, os métodos ativos, sozinhos, não se configuram como a panaceia
para todos os problemas da formação inicial de novos médicos e, se utilizados de forma
inadequada e sem direcionamento efetivo, causam cansaço e fadiga nos estudantes,
sobrecarregando-os ao invés de aprimorar a formação de futuros médicos. Observa-se
que é importante o aprimoramento das metodologias ativas, por meio de capacitação
para docentes e discentes, busca de coerência metodológica do processo de avaliação
da aprendizagem, bem como a reflexão sobre a prática educativa a partir da inclusão e
valorização dos feedbacks dos sujeitos do processo.
Palavras-chave: Metodologias ativas. Ensino-aprendizagem. Estudantes de medicina.
Educação médica.
ABSTRACT
The objective of the present paper was to analyze the students' view of the Medicine
course at the Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - JK Campus,
about the use of active methodologies in the context of graduation. The literature review
is guided by three axes, namely: higher education, process and subjects; the training of
medical professionals and active teaching-learning methodologies. It is a qualitative
study, which data collection was carried out in the second half of 2019, through an online
questionnaire. 140 students participated in the research, whose predominant profile is
white women, from 21 to 24 years old, single, without children, from public school and
from the state of Minas Gerais. It was possible to verify that most students don't have
previous experience with active methodologies, and consider it an innovative practice.
Among the main active methodologies used in the course, PBL, Discussion Groups,
Seminars, TBL and Fishbowl stand out, which students reported difficulties such as
participation, adaptation of the study routine and adaptation to their new role, resorting
mainly of help from other students and the support of tutors / teachers in order to
overcome them. The students indicated as active methodologies' advantages the ability
to stimulate self-study, the development of the critical-reflective subject and the dynamism
of the educational process; and considered as it's main weaknesses the demand for
student maturity, the gaps in the teaching process, the lack of support from teachers in
the process of adapting to teaching methods and insecurity regarding learning. In addition
to the proposed objectives, the empirical work, when listening to students, revealed that
epistemological transformations related to the positions of teachers and students are
necessary. In addition, active methods alone are not the panacea for all the problems of
initial training of new doctors and, if used inappropriately and without effective guidance,
cause tiredness and fatigue in students, overloading them instead of improve the training
of future doctors. It is observed that it is important to improve the active methodologies,
through training for teachers and students, search for methodological coherence of the
learning evaluation process, as well as the reflection on the educational practice from the
inclusion and valuation of the subjects' feedbacks of the process.