Estudos do Lazer e Conhecimento Cristão
Duas Solitudes?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35699/2447-6218.2021.36334Palavras-chave:
Atividades de Lazer, Religião, Conhecimento CristãoResumo
Este artigo examina as inter-relações entre escritos acadêmicos cristãos sobre o lazer e a literatura dos Estudos do Lazer. Pode se dizer que é recente o desenvolvimento dos Estudos do Lazer como um campo acadêmico de investigação, contudo, ao longo da história cristã, o lazer tem sido abordado por cristãos como Agostinho, Tomás de Aquino, Lutero e Calvino. Uma série de observações podem ser feitas a partir de uma revisão desses dois conjuntos de literatura em torno do lazer. Primeiro, embora inúmeros livros tenham sido escritos sobre o lazer por acadêmicos cristãos nas últimas décadas, poucos desses acadêmicos são pesquisadores dos Estudos do Lazer e, na maioria dos casos, essas publicações cristãs não fazem referências a conceitos recorrentes na literatura dos Estudos do Lazer (ex.: lazer como estado mental, perspectivas feministas, lazer sério). Segundo, com poucas exceções, a literatura dos Estudos do Lazer raramente faz referência às publicações cristãs sobre o lazer. Terceiro, com raras exceções, a literatura dos Estudos do Lazer retira versículos bíblicos de seu contexto e retrata as atitudes e comportamentos de lazer de alguns grupos cristãos específicos, tais como os puritanos, de forma excessivamente negativa. Quarto, o interesse recente dentro dos Estudos do Lazer pela relação entre lazer e espiritualidade oferece a possibilidade de alguma convergência entre esses dois conjuntos de produção acadêmica em torno do lazer, embora a literatura dos Estudos do Lazer tenda a favorecer uma visão da espiritualidade mais humanista. Em particular, estudos com abordagens qualitativas de pesquisa sobre lazer e espiritualidade dão voz às perspectivas cristãs a partir das palavras de participantes cristãos.
Referências
ARNOLD, S.The dilemma of meaning. In: GOODALE, T.L.; WITT, P.A. (org.). Recreation and leisure: Issues in an era of change. State College, PA: Venture,1980, p. 5-18.
BARRETT, C.; WINNIFRITH, T. The philosophy of leisure. London, UK: Macmillan. 1989.
BERRYMAN, J.W. Godly play: A way of religious education. San Francisco, CA: Harper. 1991.
BILLY, D.J. The call to holy rest. New Blackfriars, v. 82, n. 962, p. 182–187, 2001.
DAHL, G. Work, play and worship in a leisure-oriented society. Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg. 1972.
DOOHAN, L. Leisure: A spiritual need. Notre Dame, IN: Ave Maria Press. 1990.
DUBAY, T. The evidential power of beauty: Science and theology meet. San Francisco, CA: Ignatius Press. 1999.
FALWELL, J. Listen America. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. 1980.
FOSTER, I.M. Wilderness, a spiritual antidote to the everyday: A phenomenology of spiritual experiences in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness. University of Montana. Missoula, MT. 2012.
FOSTER, R.J.; GRIFFIN, E. Spiritual classics. New York, NY: Harper San Francisco. 2000.
FOSTER, R.J.; SMITH, J.B. Devotional classics. New York, NY: Harper San Francisco. 1993.
FOX, R.J. Women, nature and spirituality: A qualitative study exploring women’s wilderness experience. In: ROWE, D.; BROWN, P. (org.), Proceedings, ANZALS conference. Newcastle, NSW: Australian and New Zealand Association for Leisure Studies, and the Department of Leisure and Tourism Studies, The University of Newcastle. 1997, p. 59-64.
FREDRICKSON, L.M.; ANDERSON, D.H. A qualitative exploration of the wilderness experience as a source of spiritual inspiration. Journal of Environmental Psychology, v. 19, p. 21-39, 1999.
GOODALE, T.L.; GODBEY, G.C. The evolution of leisure: Historical and philosophical perspectives. State College, PA: Venture. 1988.
GOOGLE SCHOLAR. Retrieved on May 2, 2015 from: https://scholar.google.ca/. 2015.
HANSEL, T. When I relax I feel guilty? Elgin, IL: David C. Cook. 1979.
HEINTZMAN, P. Leisure and spiritual well-being relationships: A qualitative study. Society and Leisure, v. 23, n. 1, p. 41-69, 2000.
______. In and out of context: The use of 2 Thessalonians 3:10 in leisure literature. In: DELAMERE, T.; RANDALL, C,; ROBINSON, D. (org.), The two solitudes: Isolation or impact? Anais: The Eleventh Canadian Congress on Leisure Research. Nanaimo, BC: Department of Recreation and Tourism Management, Malaspina University-College. 2005, p. 251-256.
HEINTZMAN, P. (2007). Men’s wilderness experience and spirituality: A qualitative study. In: BURNS, R.; ROBINSON, K. (Comps.), Anais: Proceedings of the 2006 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium. (Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-14). Newton Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 2007, p. 216-225.
______. Have leisure and know that I am God”: Hermeneutical considerations. In: KIVEL, B.D.; GIBSON, H (Comps.), Anais: Leisure Research Symposium. Ashburn, VA: National Recreation and Parks Association. 2009a, p. 130-134.
______. The spiritual benefits of leisure. Leisure/Loisir, v. 33, n. 1, p. 419-445, 2009b.
______. Leisure studies and spirituality: A Christian critique. Journal of the Christian Society for Kinesiology and Leisure Studies, v. 1, p. 19-31, 2010.
______. “There is nothing new under the sun”: A weaving of social scientific research findings on leisure and spirituality with wisdom from Christian classics of spirituality. In: An evolving tapestry: Weaving together threads of leisure. Anais:13th Canadian Congress on Leisure Research, May, 2011. St. Catharines, ON: Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, Brock University. 2011, p. 148-152.
______. The spiritual dimension of campers’ park experience. Managing Leisure, v. 17, n. 4, p. 291-310, 2012.
______.; VAN ANDEL, G.E.; VISKER, T.L. (org.). Christianity and leisure: Issues in a pluralistic society. Sioux Center, IA: Dordt Press. 1994.
HEMINGWAY, J.L. Emancipating leisure: The recovery of freedom in leisure. Journal of Leisure Research, v. 28, n. 1, p. 27-43. 1996.
HENDERSON, K.A. Introduction to recreation services: Sustainability for a changing world. State College, PA: Venture. 2014.
______. Leisure and the academy: Curricula and scholarship in higher education. In: WALKER, G.; SCOTT, D.; STODOLSKA, M (org.), Leisure matters: The state and future of leisure studies. State College, PA: Venture. 2016, p. 345-352.
______.; et al. Introduction to recreation and leisure services, 8th ed. State College, PA: Venture. 2001.
HOOVER, M. Understanding National Park visitor experiences through backcountry register content analysis. In: BOCARRO, J.; STODOLSKA, M. (org.) Abstracts from the 2012 Leisure Research Symposium. Ashburn, VA: National Recreation and Park Association. 2012.
JOHNSON, K. “Problematizing Puritan play.” Leisure/Loisir, v. 33, n. 1, p. 31–54, 2009.
JOHNSTON, R. K. The Christian at play. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. 1983.
LEE, R. Religion and leisure in America: A study in four dimensions. New York, NY: Abingdon. 1964.
LEHMAN, H. In praise of leisure. Kitchener, ON: Herald Press. 1974.
LECLERQ, J. The love of learning and the desire for God: A study of monastic culture. New York, NY: Fordham University. 1982.
MARSHALL, P. Vocation, work, and jobs. In: Van Nuis Zylstra. J. (org.), Labour of love: Essays on work. Toronto, ON: Wedge. 1980, p. 1-19.
MOLTMANN, J. Theology of play. New York, NY: Harper & Row. 1972.
NEALE, R.E. In praise of play: Toward a psychology of religion. New York, NY: Harper & Row. 1969.
NEVILLE, G. Free time: Toward a theology of leisure. Birmingham, UK: University of Birmingham Press. 2004.
NORDEN, R. The Christian encounters the new leisure. Saint Louis, MO: Concordia, 1965. 1965.
O’ROURKE, J.J.Work, leisure and contemplation. American Benedictine Review, v. 28, n. 4, p. 351–372, 1977.
O’SULLIVAN, E. Power, promise, potential and possibilities of parks, recreation and leisure. In: Human Kinetics (org.), Introduction to recreation and leisure, 2. ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. 2013.
OSWALT, J. The leisure crisis: A biblical perspective on guilt-free leisure. Wheaton, IL: Victor Books. 1987.
OWENS, J. Aristotle on leisure. Canadian Journal of Philosophy, v. 16, p. 713-724. 1981.
PIEPER, J. Leisure: The basis of culture (A. Dru, Trans.). New York, NY: Pantheon Books. 1952.
POND, M.F. Investigating climbing as a spiritual experience. Tese de Doutorado. Ohio University, Athens, OH. 2013.
RAHNER, H. Man at play. New York, NY: Herder & Herder. 1972.
RAMSAY, H. Reclaiming leisure: Art, sport, and philosophy. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. 2005.
______. Reflective leisure, freedom and identity. In: ELKINGTON, S.; GAMMON, S.J (org.), Contemporary perspectives in leisure: Meanings, motives and lifelong learning. New York, NY: Routledge. 2014, p. 173-184.
RYKEN, L. Work and leisure in Christian perspective. Portland, OR: Multnomah. 1987.
______. Redeeming the time: A Christian approach to work and leisure. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books. 1995.
RYKEN, L. Work and leisure in Christian perspective. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock. 2002.
SAMDAHL, D. M.; KELLY, J. J.Speaking only to ourselves? Citation analysis of Journal of Leisure Research and Leisure Sciences. Journal of Leisure Research, v. 31n. 2), p. 171-180, 1999.
SHAW, S. M. If our research is relevant, why is nobody listening? Journal of Leisure Research, v. 32, n. 1, p. 147-151, 2000.
SHERROW, J.E. It’s about time: A look at leisure, lifestyle, and Christianity. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan. 1984.
SNELL, T.L.; SIMMONDS, J.G. ‘‘Being in that environment can be very therapeutic’’: Spiritual experiences in nature. Ecopsychology, v.4, n. 4, p. 326-335, 2012.
SPENCE, D. Towards a theology of leisure with special reference to creativity. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Parks/Recreation Association. 1973.
STEBBINS, R.A. Serious leisure: A conceptual statement. Pacific Sociological Review, v. 25, n. 2, p. 251–272, 1982.
______. Casual leisure: A conceptual statement. Leisure Studies, v. 16, n. 1, p. 17–25, 1997.
______. Project-based leisure: Theoretical neglect of a common use of free time. Leisure Studies, v. 24, n. 1, p. 1–11, 2005.
STEINDL-RAST, D.Gratefulness, the heart of prayer: An approach to life in fullness.Mahwah, N. J: Paulist Press. 1984.
STRINGER, L.A.; MCAVOY, L.H. The need for something different: Spiritualityand wilderness adventure. Journal of Experiential Education, v. 15, n. 1, p. 13-20, 1992.
SWEATMAN, M.; HEINTZMAN, P. The perceived impact of outdoor residential camp experience on the spirituality of youth. World Leisure Journal, v. 46, n. 1, p. 23-31, 2004.
SYLVESTER, C. The Western idea of work and leisure: Traditions, transformations, and the future. In: JACKSON, E.L.; BURTON, T.L (org.). Leisure studies: Prospects for the twenty-first century. State College, PA: Venture. 1999, p. 17-33.
TEAFF, J. Contemplative leisure within Christian spirituality. In: HEINTZMAN, P.; VAN ANDEL, G.E.; VISKER, T.L (org.).Christianity and leisure: Issues in a pluralistic society, 105-108. Sioux Center, IA: Dordt College Press. 1994, p. 105-108.
UNRUH, A.M.; HUTCHINSON, S. Embedded spirituality: Gardening in daily life and stressful experiences. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, v. 25, p. 567-574, 2011.
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2021 LICERE - Revista do Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Estudos do Lazer
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.