Tutorial for Carrying out the Pearson Chi-Square Test in Excel and IBM SPSS

Examples from the Leisure Area

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35699/2447-6218.2024.54954

Keywords:

Leisure activities, Statistics, Chi-Squared, Recreation

Abstract

The Chi-Square goodness-of-fit and independence tests are two of the most used with categorical data. However, these tests are sometimes misinterpreted. Furthermore, there is no tutorial published in Portuguese on how to perform and interpret these tests. To fill this gap in the literature, we present a tutorial for carrying out the Chi-Square goodness-of-fit and independence tests in Excel and IBM SPSS. We used published articles and fictitious data related to the leisure area as examples. We hope to facilitate the use and correct interpretation of Chi-Square tests by researchers.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

AMRHEIN, Valentin; GREENLAND, Sander; MCSHANE, Blake. Scientists rise up against statistical significance. Nature, v. 567, n. 7748, p. 305–307, 20 mar. 2019.

BIFFIGNANDI, Silvia; BETHLEHEM, Jelke. Handbook of web surveys. Second ed. NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2021.

CUMMING, Geoff. The new statistics: Why and how. Psychological Science, v. 25, n. 1, p. 7–29, jan. 2014.

FRANKE, Todd Michael; HO, Timothy; CHRISTIE, Christina A. The chi-square test: Often used and more often misinterpreted. American Journal of Evaluation, v. 33, n. 3, p. 448–458, 8 set. 2012.

MCHUGH, Mary L. The Chi-square test of independence. Biochemia Medica, v. 23, n. 2, p. 143–149, 2013.

MUFF, Stefanie et al. Response to ‘Why P values are not measures of evidence’ by D. Lakens. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, v. 37, n. 4, p. 291–292, abr. 2022.

OLIVEIRA, Késsia Mirian Jesus De et al. Atividades de Lazer em Adultos Quilombolas de uma Região Baiana. LICERE - Revista do Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Estudos do Lazer, v. 24, n. 3, p. 251–268, 27 set. 2021.

RANA, Rakesh; SINGHAL, Richa. Chi-square test and its application in hypothesis testing. Journal of the Practice of Cardiovascular Sciences, v. 1, n. 1, p. 69–71, 2015.

ROSA, Claudio D. et al. Gender Differences in Connection to Nature, Outdoor Preferences, and Nature-Based Recreation Among College Students in Brazil and the United States. Leisure Sciences, v. 45, n. 2, p. 135–155, 17 fev. 2023.

ROSA, Claudio D.; YAMADA, André Katayma; MENUCHI, Marcos R. T. P. Atividade Física de Lazer e seu Relacionamento com Gênero e Tempo de Caminhada até o Parque ou Academia. LICERE - Revista do Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Estudos do Lazer, v. 26, n. 3, p. 78–92, 2023.

SHARPE, Donald. Chi-Square Test is Statistically Significant: Now What? Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, v. 20, n. 8, p. 1–10, 2015.

THOMAS, Jerry R; NELSON, Jack K; SILVERMAN, Stephen J. Métodos de pesquisa em atividade física. 5. ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2007.

Published

2024-10-01

How to Cite

Rosa, C. D., Ohara, D., & Menuchi, M. R. T. P. (2024). Tutorial for Carrying out the Pearson Chi-Square Test in Excel and IBM SPSS: Examples from the Leisure Area. LICERE - Revista Do Programa De Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar Em Estudos Do Lazer, 27(3), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.35699/2447-6218.2024.54954

Issue

Section

Fique Por Dentro