Prevalence of oral changes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
a cross-sectional study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35699/2178-1990.2025.49259Keywords:
Diabetes complications, Epidemiology, Oral manifestations, DentistryAbstract
Introduction: Systemic changes, such as diabetes, impact oral health. Xerostomia, dental caries, periodontal disease and edentulism have been described as more prevalent in individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) when compared to the general population.
Objective: to determine the prevalence of oral changes in individuals with DM2.
Methods: Cross-sectional and analytical observational study, with a randomized, population-based sample that determined the prevalence of oral changes in individuals with DM2, registered in Family Health Units (USF) in the city of Pombal-PB. Study approved by Ethics Committee for Research Involving Human Beings of the Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, under Opinion number: 1,238,546. Prior to data collection, intra- and inter-examiner calibration was carried out to calculate the degree of agreement by performing Cohen’s Kappa test and carrying out a pilot study with 30 individuals. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to characterize the sample regarding socioeconomic, oral health and clinical data.
Results: Of the 302 participants, the majority were female (71.2%), with an average age of 63.1 years and a family income of one minimum wage. Regarding the reason for seeking dental care, approximately half of the participants reported going to the dentist due to pain (48.7%). The prevalence of xerostomia was 52.6%, edentulism 47.7%, dental caries 29.5% and periodontitis 38.4%.
Conclusion: The prevalence of oral health changes in patients with DM2 assisted by the HFS in a small city was high. The most prevalent oral health disorder in this group was xerostomia.
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