NAVEGANDO PELO(S) PRINCÍPIO(S) DA PRECAUÇÃO
Palavras-chave:
Princípio da Precaução, Filosofia da Ciência, Ética ambientalResumo
Este artigo tem como objetivo mapear as diferentes opções
teóricas relativas ao Princípio da Precaução (PP). Grande parte da literatura sobre ele pode ser sistematizada ao se responder três questões: há uma estrutura básica no PP? Em caso positivo, em qual interpretação do PP tal estrutura
se expressa? Por fim, suas condições de dano ou de conhecimento são fixas ou ajustáveis? A primeira pergunta separa abordagens realistas daquelas não realistas. Por sua vez, a segunda pergunta permite discriminar posições monistas, dualistas ou pluralistas em relação às três interpretações do PP: regra de decisão, requerimento procedimental ou regra epistêmica. Por fim, a terceira pergunta distingue formulações rígidas do princípio daquelas não rígidas. Com base em tal mapeamento, pode-se não apenas navegar pelas distintas formulações do PP presentes tanto em documentos oficiais quanto na literatura especializada, mas também contornar algumas de suas objeções comuns, e entender a eventual conexão de Hans Jonas com PP. Não obstante, esse mapeamento não captura outros temas importantes relacionados ao PP, o que motiva uma última distinção entre formulações estreitas e amplas do PP.
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