The relationship between phonotactic awareness and pronunciation in adult second language learners

Hanna Kivistö-de  Souza

Autores

Hanna Kivistö-de Souza Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Autor

Palavras-chave:

consciência fonológica, consciência fonotática, pronúncia em LE, consoantes

Resumo

Este artigo examinou o grau de consciência fonotática em LE de aprendizes brasileiros de inglês e se a consciência fonotática em LE estaria positivamente relacionada à pronúncia em LE. Para medir a consciência sobre os clusters inicias da LE, os participantes completaram uma tarefa de decisão lexical que apresentava pseudopalavras com clusters possíveis e impossíveis. A pronúncia em LE foi medida através de um Teste de Julgamento de Nível de Sotaque Estrangeiro. Os resultados mostraram que os aprendizes apresentaram uma sensibilidade alta à fonotática da LE, não diferindo significativamente dos falantes nativos de inglês, t(86)=.20, p =.83. Além do mais, níveis mais altos de consciência fonotática surgiram relacionados a uma maior acuidade de pronúncia (r= -.46, p<.001). Os resultados revelam a importância do ensino de fonotática na sala de aula estrangeira, uma vez que o aumento dessa consciência nos alunos poderia vir a ser benéfico para a pronúncia em LE.

Downloads

Os dados de download ainda não estão disponíveis.

Referências

ABRAHAMSSON, N. Development and recoverability of L2 codas: A longitudinal study of Chinese-Swedish interphonology. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, Cambridge, v. 25, n. 3, p. 313-349, September, 2003.

ALTENBERG, E. The judgment, perception and production of consonant clusters in a second language. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, Berlin, v. 43, n. 1, p. 53-80, January, 2005.

ALVES, U. K., & MAGRO, V. Raising awareness of L2 phonology: Explicit instruction and the acquisition of aspirated /p/ by Brazilian Portuguese speakers. Letras de Hoje, Porto Alegre, v. 46, n. 3, p. 71-80, July, 2011.

ALVES, U. K., & ZIMMER, M.C. Percepção e produção dos padrões de vot do inglês por aprendizes brasileiros: O papel de múltiplas pistas acústicas sob uma perspectiva dinâmica. Alfa, São Paulo, v. 59, n.1, p. 157-180, January, 2015.

AZEVEDO, M. Portuguese: A linguistic introduction New York: Cambridge University Press. 2004.

BAKER, W.; TROFIMOVICH, P. Perceptual paths to accurate production of L2 vowels: The role of individual differences. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching , Berlin v. 44, n. 3, p. 231-250, November, 2006.

BERGSLEITHNER, J.; BORGES MOTA, M. Investigating relationships among noticing, working memory capacity, and accuracy in L2 oral performance. In: BERGSLEITHNER, J.; FROTA, S.; YOSHIOKA, J. (Orgs.). Noticing and second language acquisition: Studies in honor of Richard Schmidt Honolulu: University of Hawai’i, National Foreign Language Resource Center, 2013. p. 151-168.

BEST, C. T. (1995). A direct realist perspective on cross-language speech perception. In: STRANGE, W. (Org.). Speech perception and linguistic experience: Issues in cross-language research Timonium: York Press, 1995. p. 171-204.

BIALYSTOK, E. et al. Degree of foreign accent in English sentences produced by Korean children and adults. Journal of Phonetics, Amsterdam, v. 34, n.1, p.153-175, January, 2006.

BOERSMA, P.; WEENIK, D. Praat: doing phonetics by computer (Version 5.3.70). Computer software. 2013. Retrieved from < Retrieved from http://praat.org >. Accessed on 10th October, 2016. » http://praat.org

BONGAERTS, T. et al. Age and ultimate attainment in the pronunciation of a foreign language. Studies in Second Language Acquisition , Cambridge, v. 19, n. 4, p. 447-465, December, 1997.

BOUDAOUD, M., & CARDOSO, W. The variable acquisition of /s/ + consonant onset clusters in Farsi-English interlanguage. In: BOWLES, M. et al. (Orgs.), Proceedings of the 10th Generative Approaches to Second Language Acquisition Conference Somerville: Cascadilla Proceedings Project, 2009. p. 86-104.

CALDERÓN, A. The effects of L2 learner proficiency on depth of processing, levels of awareness, and intake. In: BERGSLEITHNER, J.; FROTA, S.; YOSHIOKA, J. (Orgs.). Noticing and second language acquisition: Studies in honor of Richard Schmidt . Honolulu: University of Hawai’i, National Foreign Language Resource Center, 2013. p. 103-122.

CARDOSO, W.; JOHN, P.; FRENCH, L. The variable perception of /s/ + coronal onset clusters in Brazilian Portuguese English. In: WATKINS, M. A.; RAUBER, A.; BAPTISTA, B. O. (Orgs.). Recent research in second language phonetics/ phonology: Perception and production Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 2009. p. 203-231.

CARDOSO, W.; LIAKIN, D. When input frequency patterns fail to drive learning: The acquisition of sC onset clusters. In: WATKINS, M. A.; RAUBER, A.; BAPTISTA, B. O. (Orgs.). Recent research in second language phonetics/ phonology: Perception and production . Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars , 2009. p. 174-202.

CEBRIAN, J. & CARLET, A. Second language learners’ identification of target language phonemes: A short-term phonetic training study. Canadian Modern Language Review,Toronto, v. 70, n. 4, p. 474 - 499, November,2014.

CORNELIAN Jr., D. Brazilian learners’ production of initial /s/ clusters: Phonological structure and environment. 2003. 150f, Thesis (Master’s in English language and Literature) - Federal University of Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inglês, Florianópolis, SC.

COUPER, G. What makes pronunciation teaching work? Testing for the effect of two variables: socially constructed metalanguage and critical listening. Language Awareness, London, v. 20, n.3, p. 159-182, October, 2011.

CRISTÓFARO SILVA, T. Fonética e fonologia do Português: Roteiro de estudos e guia de exercícios (6th ed.). São Paulo: Contexto, 2002.

CRISTÓFARO SILVA, T.; CAMARGOS, M.A. Conhecimento fonológico e apropriação de róticos em inglês L2 por falantes nativos de português brasileiro. Ilha do Desterro, Florianópolis, v. 69, n.1, p. 49-60, January, 2016.

CRUTTENDEN, A. Gimson’s pronunciation of English (7th ed.). London: Hodder Education, 2008.

DUPOUX, E. et al. Epenthetic vowels in Japanese: a perceptual illusion? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, Washington, v.25, n.6, p. 1568-1578, June, 1999.

DUPOUX, E. et al. Where do illusory vowels come from? Journal of Memory and Language, Berlin, v. 64, n. 3, p. 199-210, October, 2011.

ELLIS, N. C. Reflections on frequency effects in language processing. Studies in Second Language Acquisition , Cambridge, v. 24, v. 2, p. 297-339,June, 2002.

ELLIS, N. C. At the interface: Dynamic interactions of explicit and implicit language knowledge. Studies in Second Language Acquisition , Cambridge, v. 27, n. 2, p. 305-352, June,2005.

FLEGE, J. Factors affecting degree of perceived foreign accent in English sentences. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, New York, v. 84, n. 1, p. 70-79, July, 1988.

FLEGE, J. Second language speech learning, theory, findings and problems. In: STRANGE, W. (Org.). Speech perception and linguistic experience: Issues in cross-language research . Timonium: York Press , 1995. p. 233-277.

FLEGE, J.; FLETCHER, K. Talker and listener effects on degree of perceived foreign accent. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , New York, v. 91, n. 1, p. 370-389, July,1992.

FLEGE, J., et al. Degree of foreign accent in English sentences produced by Korean children and adults. Journal of Phonetics , Amsterdam, v. 34, n.1, p.153-175, January, 2006.

FLEGE, J.; MUNRO, M., MACKAY, & I. R. A. Factors affecting strength of perceived foreign accent in a second language. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , New York, v. 97, n. 5, p. 3125-3134, May, 1995.

FORSTER, K. I. FORSTER, J.C. DMDX (Version 4.0.6.0). Computer software. r 2012. Retrieved from < Retrieved from http://www.u.arizona.edu/~jforster/dmdx.htm >. Accessed on October 10th, 2016. » http://www.u.arizona.edu/~jforster/dmdx.htm

FORSTER, K.; CHAMBERS, S. Lexical access and naming time. Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior, Berlin, v. 12, n. 6, p. 627-635, December, 1973.

HANSEN, J. Linguistic constraints on the acquisition of English syllable codas by native speakers of Mandarin Chinese. Applied Linguistics, Oxford, v. 22, n. 3, p. 338-365, September, 2001.

HINO, Y.; LUPKER, S.; PEXMAN, P. Ambiguity and synonymy effects in lexical decision, naming and semantic categorization tasks: Interactions between orthography, phonology and semantics. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, Washington, v. 28, n. 4, p. 686-713, May, 2002.

HOLMES, F. Cross-language interference in lexical decision. Speech, Hearing and Language, Washington, v. 9, n.1 p. 57-71, January, 1996. Retrieved from < Retrieved from http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/shl9/contents.htm >. Accessed on October 10th, 2016.

HONIKMAN, B. Articulatory settings. In: ABERCROMBIE, D. et al. (Orgs.). In Honour of Daniel Jones London: Longman, 1964. p. 73-84.

JUSCZYK, P. et al. Infants’ sensitivity to the sound patterns of native language words. Journal of Memory and Language Berlin, v. 32, n. 3, p. 402-420, June, 1993.

KABAK, B.; IDSARDI, W. Perceptual distortions in the adaption of English consonant clusters: Syllable structure or consonantal contact constraints?. Language and Speech, Berlin, v. 50, n. 1,p. 23-52, March, 2007.

KENNEDY, S.; TROFIMOVICH, P. Language awareness and second language pronunciation: a classroom study. Language Awareness , London, v. 19, n. 3, p. 171-185, December, 2010.

KIVISTÖ-DE SOUZA, H. Phonological awareness and pronunciation in a second language 2015. 505p, Dissertation (Ph.D. inApplied Linguistics ) - University of Barcelona,Department of English Language and Literature, Barcelona.

KLUGE, D. Effects of preceding vowel in the perception of the English nasal consonants /m,n/ in word-final position by Brazilian EFL learners. Diadorim, Rio de Janeiro, v. 12, n. 1, p. 167-173, January, 2012.

KOVÁCS, G.; RACSMÁNY, M. Handling L2 input in phonological STM: The effect of non-L1 phonetic segments and non-L1 phonotactics on nonword repetition. Language Learning, Michigan, n. 58, n. 3, p. 597-624, September, 2008.

LUCE, P.; PISONI, D. Recognizing spoken words: The neighborhood activation model. Ear & Hearing, Alphen aan den Rijn, v. 19, n. 2, p. 1-36, April 1998.

MACKAY, I.; FLEGE, J.; IMAI, S. Evaluating the effects of chronological age and sentence duration on degree of perceived foreign accent. Applied Psycholinguistics, Cambridge, v.27, n. 2, p. 157-183, March 2006.

MAGEN, S. H. The perception of foreign-accented speech. Journal of Phonetics , Amsterdam, v. 26, n. 4, p. 381-400, October, 1998.

MATTYS, S.; JUSCZYK, P. Phonotactic cues for segmentation of fluent speech by infants. Cognition, Berlin, v. 78, n. 2, p. 91-121, February, 2001.

MCQUEEN, J. Segmentation of continuous speech using phonotactics. Journal of Memory and Language , Berlin, v. 39, n. 1, p. 21-46, January,1998.

MEARA, P. M. X_Lex: The Swansea vocabulary levels test (Version 2.05.). Computer software. Swansea: Lognostics, 2005.

MIKHAYLOVA, A. L2 nonword recognition and phonotactic constraints. In: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA WORKING PAPERS IN LINGUISTICS: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 32ND ANNUAL PENN LINGUISTICS COLLOQUIUM, 15. Philadelphia: Penn Graduate Linguistics Society, 2009. p. 145-152.

MILTON, J. The development of vocabulary breadth across the CEFR levels: A common basis for the elaboration of language syllabuses, curriculum guidelines, examinations, and textbooks across Europe. In: BARTNING, I.; MARTIN, M.; VEDDER, I. (Orgs.). Eurosla Monographs Series 1: Communicative Proficiency and Linguistic Development. EUROSLA, 2010. p. 211-232. Retrieved from < Retrieved from http://eurosla.org/monographs/EM01/EM01tot.pdf >. Accessed on: October 10th, 2016.

MORA, J.C; ROCHDI, Y., KIVISTÖ-DE SOUZA, H. Mimicking accented speech as L2 phonological awareness. Language Awareness , London, v.23, n. 1-2, p. 57-75, February,2014.

PALLIER, C.; COLOMÉ, A; SEBASTIÁN-GALLÉS, N. The influence of native-language phonology on lexical access: Exemplar-based versus abstract lexical entries. Psychological Science, Los Angeles, v. 12, n. 6, p. 445-449, November, 2001.

PEXMAN, P; LUPKER, S; JARED, D. Homophone effects in lexical decision. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition , Washington, v. 27, n. 1, p. 139-156, January, 2001.

PISKE, T., MACKAY, I. R. A.;FLEGE, J. Factors affecting degree of foreign accent in an L2: A review. Journal of Phonetics , Amsterdam, v. 29, n. 2, p. 191-215, April, 2001.

PRAAMSTRA, P; MEYER, A; LEVELT, W. Neurophysiological manifestations of phonological processing: Latency variation of a negative ERP component timelocked to phonological mismatch. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, Massachusetts, v. 6, n. 3, p. 204-219, June,1994.

RAMÍREZ VERDUGO, D. A study of intonation awareness and learning in non-native speakers of English. Language Awareness , London, v. 15, n. 3, p. 141-159, January, 2006.

RATO, A. Cross-language perception and production of English vowels by Portuguese learners: the effects of perceptual training 2013. 375p, Dissertation (Ph.D. inLanguage Sciences). University of Minho, Instituto de Letras e Ciências Humanas, Minho.

RAUBER, A. (2006). Production of English initial /s/-clusters by speakers of Brazilian Portuguese and Argentine Spanish. In: BAPTISTA, B. O. ; WATKINS, M. A. (Orgs.). English with a Latin beat: Studies in Portuguese/ Spanish-English interphonology Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2006. p. 155-169.

REBELLO, J.; BAPTISTA, B. O. The influence of voicing on the production of initial /s/-clusters by Brazilian learners. In: BAPTISTA, B. O. ; WATKINS, M. A. (Orgs.). English with a Latin beat: Studies in Portuguese/ Spanish-English interphonology . Amsterdam: John Benjamins , 2006. p. 139-154.

SAITO, K. The acquisitional value of recasts in instructed second language speech learning: Teaching the perception and production of English /ɹ/ to adult Japanese learners. Language Learning , Michigan, v. 63, n. 3, p. 499-529, September, 2013.

SAITO, K.; WU, X. Communicative focus on form and second language suprasegmental learning: Teaching Cantonese learners to perceive Mandarin tones. Studies in Second Language Acquisition , Cambridge, v. 36, n. 4, p. 647-680, September, 2014.

SCHMID, M. HOPP H. Comparing foreign accent in L1 attrition and L2 acquisition: Range and rater effects. Language Testing, Berlin, v. 31, n. 3, p. 367-388, July, 2014.

SCHMIDT, R. Consciousness and foreign language learning: a tutorial on the role of attention and awareness in learning. In: SCHMIDT, R. (Org.). Attention and awareness Honolulu: University of Hawai`i, National Foreign Language Resource Center, 1995. p. 1-63.

SILVEIRA, R. Perception and production of English initial /s/ clusters by Brazilian learners. Revista Brasileira de Linguística Aplicada, Belo Horizonte, v. 2 n. 1, p. 95-119, 2002.

STONE, G.; VAN ORDEN, G. Strategic control of processing in word recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , Washington, v. 19, n. 4, p. 744-774, August,1993.

TRAPMAN, M.; KAGER, R. The acquisition of subset and superset phonotactic knowledge in a second language. Language Acquisition, London, v. 16, n. 3, p. 178-221, June, 2009.

TROFIMOVICH, P.; BAKER, W. Learning second language suprasegmentals: Effect of L2 experience on prosody and fluency characteristics of L2 speech. Studies in Second Language Acquisition . Cambridge, v. 28, n. 1, p. 1-30, January, 2006.

VANPATTEN, B. Input processing and grammar instruction in second language acquisition Norwood: Ablex Publishing, 1996.

VITEVITCH, M.; LUCE, P. When words compete: Levels of processing in perception of spoken words. Psychological Science , Los Angeles, v. 9, n. 4, p. 325-329, September, 1998.

VITEVITCH, M.; LUCE, P. Probabilistic phonotactics and neighborhood activation in spoken word recognition. Journal of Memory and Language , Berlin, v. 40, n. 1, p. 374-408, January,1999.

VITEVITCH, M.; LUCE, P. A web-based interface to calculate phonotactic probability for words and nonwords in English. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, Berlin, v. 36, n. 3, p. 481-487, August, 2004.

VITEVITCH, M., LUCE, P., CHARLES-LUCE, J. KEMMERER, D. Phonotactics and syllable stress: Implications for the processing of spoken nonsense words. Language and Speech , Berlin, v. 40, n. 1, p. 47-62, January,1997.

WEBER, A.; CUTLER, A. First-language phonotactics in second-language listening. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , New York, v. 119, n. 1, p. 597-607, January, 2006.

WREMBEL, M. PHONOLOGICAL METACOMPETENCE IN THE ACQUISITION OF SECOND LANGUAGE PHONETICS. 2005. 450p. Dissertation (Ph.D. in English Language). Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of English, Poznan.

WRIGHT, B.; GARRETT, M. Lexical decision in sentences: Effects of syntactic structure. Memory & Cognition , Berlin, v. 12, n. 1, p. 31-45, January,1984.

YAVAŞ, M. Applied English phonology (2nd ed.). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.