Batalhas de MC: um estudo sobre (im)polidez e categorização axiológica à luz da pragmática / MC Battles: a study on (im)politeness and axiological categorization under the light of pragmatics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17851/2237-2083.28.4.1983-2004Palavras-chave:
batalhas de MC, (im)polidez, categorização cognitivaResumo
Resumo: As batalhas de MC fazem parte da tradição oral e musical da comunidade afro-americana e latina. Neste estudo, pretende-se analisar os versos de arremate (punchlines) das batalhas de um ponto de vista pragmático, ligado à teoria da (im)polidez linguística (CULPEPER, 2005, 2011; CULPEPER; HARDAKER, 2017), à noção da categorização axiológica (ASSIMAKOPOULOS et al., 2017; EVANS, 2009), situando-as como rituais de violência e de disputa verbais (BERTUCCI; BOYER, 2013; MOÏSE, 2011; VETTORATO, 2008). As punchlines analisadas foram retiradas de competições divulgadas para o grande público. Os resultados demonstram que esses versos são caracterizados pelo emprego de estratégias ad hoc de (im)polidez negativa e positiva, juntamente com a intensificação de elementos de categorização axiológica e pelo desprezo ao rival.
Palavras-chave: batalhas de MC; (im)polidez; categorização cognitiva; pragmática.
Abstract: MC battles are part of a long oral and musical tradition of the African American and Latino community. In this paper, we intend to analyze the battle punchlines under he light of the theory of linguistic impoliteness (CULPEPER, 2005, 2011; CULPEPER; HARDAKER, 2017), as well as the notion of axiological categorization (ASSIMAKOPOULOS et al., 2017; EVANS, 2009), situating them as rituals of violence and verbal dispute (BERTUCCI; BOYER, 2013; MOÏSE, 2011; VETTORATO, 2008). The punchlines analyzed were taken from contests that are released to the general public. The results show that the punchlines are characterized by the use of ad hoc strategies of negative and positive impoliteness, together with axiological categorization, and contempt for the rival.
Keywords: MC battles; impoliteness; cognitive categorization; pragmatics.
Downloads
Referências
ASSIMAKOPOULOS, S.; BAIDER, F. H.; MILLAR, S. Online Hate Speech in the European Union: A Discourse-Analytic Perspective. Zurique: Springer, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72604-5
BERTUCCI, M. M.; BOYER, I. “Ta mère elle est tellement...” joutes verbales et insultes rituelles chez les adolescents de l’immigration francophone. Adolescence, Paris, v. 31, n. 3, p. 711-721, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/ado.085.0711
BOUSFIELD, D. Impoliteness. In: DONSBACH, Wolfgang (org.). The International Encyclopedia of Communication. New York: Wiley-Blackwell; International Communication Association, 2008. p. 28-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.167
BROWN, P.; LEVINSON, S. Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511813085
CABRAL, A. L. T. Violência verbal e argumentação nas redes sociais: comentários no Facebook. Calidoscópio, São Leopoldo, v. 17, n. 3, p. 416-432, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4013/cld.2019.173.01. Disponível em: http://revistas.unisinos.br/index.php/calidoscopio/issue/view/789 Acesso em: 10 mar. 2020.
CABRAL, A. L. T.; ALBERT, S. A. B. Quebra de polidez na interação: das redes sociais para os ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem. In: CABRAL, A. L. T.; SEARA, I. R.; GUARANHA, M. F. (org.). Descortesia e cortesia: expressão de culturas. São Paulo: Cortez, 2017. p. 267-294.
CABRAL, A. L. T.; LIMA, N. V. Interações conflituosas e violência verbal nas redes sociais: polêmica em comentários do Facebook. (Con)textos Linguísticos, Vitória, v. 12, n. 22, p. 39-58, 2018.
CABRAL, A. L. T.; LIMA, N. V. Argumentação e polêmica nas redes sociais: o papel de violência verbal. Signo, Santa Cruz, v. 42, n. 73, p. 86-97, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17058/signo.v42i73.8004. Disponível em: http://online.unisc.br/seer/index.php/signo. Acesso em: 10 mar. 2020.
CHANG, J. Can’t Stop, Won’t Stop: A History of the Hip-hop Generation. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2005.
COHEN, H.; LEFEBVRE, C. (org.). Handbook of Categorization in Cognitive Science. [S.l.]: Elsevier, 2005.
CUTLER, C. A Yorkville Crossing: White Teens, Hip Hop and African American English. Journal of Sociolinguistics, [S.l.], v. 3, n. 4, p. 428-442, Nov. 1999. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9481.00089
CULPEPER, J. Impoliteness and Entertainment in the Television Quiz Show: The Weakest Link. Journal of Politeness Research. Language, Behaviour, Culture, Berlin, v. 1, n. 1, p. 35-72, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/jplr.2005.1.1.35
CULPEPER, J. Impoliteness: Using Language to Cause Offence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511975752
CULPEPER, J.; HARDAKER C. Impoliteness. In: CULPEPER, J.; KADAR, D. (org.). The Palgrave Handbook of Linguistic (Im)politeness. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. p. 199-225. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-37508-7_9
EVANS, V. How Words Mean: Lexical Concepts, Cognitive Models, and Meaning Construction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199234660.001.0001
FRONDIZI, R. ¿Qué son los valores? México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1977.
GOFFMAN, E. La mise en scène de la vie quotidienne: La présentation de soi. Paris: Editions de Minuit, 1973.
GRAHAM, S. L.; HARDAKER, C. (Im)politeness in Digital Communication. In: culpeper, J.; Haugh, M,; Kádár, D. Z. (org.). The Palgrave Handbook of Linguistic (Im)politeness. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. p. 785-814. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-37508-7_30
HAUGH, M. Disentangling Face, Facework and Im/politeness. Sociocultural Pragmatics, Berlin, v. 1, n. 1, p. 46-73, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/soprag-2012-0005
HAUGH, M. Intercultural Pragmatics. In: KIM, Y. Y. (org.). The International Encyclopedia of Intercultural Communication. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2017. p. 1-14. DOI: 10.1002/9781118783665.ieicc0060
KERBRAT-ORECCHIONI, C. Polidez e impolidez nos debates políticos televisivos: o caso dos debates entre dois turnos dos presidentes franceses. In: SEARA, I. R. (org.). Cortesia: olhares e (re) invenções. Lisboa: Chiado Editora, 2014. p. 47-82.
LABOV, W. Language in the Inner City: Studies in the Black English Vernacular. Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1972.
LAFOREST, M.; MOÏSE, C. Entre reproche et insulte, comment définir les actes de condamnation?. In: FRANCCHIOLLA, B.; MOÏSE, C.; ROMAIN, C.; AUGER, N. (org.). Violences verbales. Analyses, enjeux et perspectives. Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 2013. p. 85-105.
LEECH, G. Principles of Pragmatics. London; New York: Longman, 1983.
MATTAR, Y. Virtual Communities and Hip-Hop Music Consumers in Singapore: Interplaying Global, Local, and Subcultural Identities. Leisure Studies, [S.l.], v. 22, n. 4, p. 283-300, 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02614360310001594168
MAZZARA, B. Stereotipi e pregiudizi. Bologna: Il Mulino, 1997.
MOÏSE, C. Gros mots et insultes des adolescents. Revue de l’Enfance et de l’Adolescence, [S.l.], v. 83-84, n. 1, p. 29-37, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/lett.083.0029
OLIVEIRA, A. L. A. M.; CARNEIRO, M. M. Sobre o potencial semântico- pragmático das hashtags. In: CUNHA, G. X.; OLIVEIRA, A. L. A. M. (org.). Múltiplas perspectivas do trabalho de face. Belo Horizonte: FALE/UFMG, 2018. p. 207-226.
OSUMARE, H. The African Aesthetic in Global Hip-Hop: Power Moves. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-05964-2
ROSE, T. The Hip Hop Wars: What We Talk About When We Talk About Hip Hop–And Why It Matters. New York: Basic Book, 2008.
ROTH-GORDON, J. Conversational Sampling, Race Trafficking, and the Invocation the Gueto in Brazilian Hip Hop. In: ALIM, H. S.; IBRAHIM, A.; PENNYCOOK, A. (org.). Global Linguistic Flows: Hip Hop Cultures, Youth Identities, and the Politics of Language. New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 2009. p. 63-78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203892787
TERFOURAFI, M. Towards a Unified Theory of Politeness, Impoliteness, and Rudeness. In: BOUSFIELD, D.; LOCHER, M. (org.). Impoliteness in Language: Studies on Its Interplay with Power in Theory and Practice. Berlin; New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2008. p. 45-74.
VAN DIJK, T. A. Opinions and Ideologies in the Press. In: BELL, A.; GARRET, P. (org.). Approaches to Media Discourse. Amsterdam: Wiley-Blackwell, 1997. p. 21-62.
VETTORATO, C. Un monde où l’on clashe. La joute d’insultes dans la culture de rue. Paris: Éditions des Archives Contemporaines, 2008.
WIRTH-KOLIBA, V. The Diverse and Dynamic World of ‘Us’ and ‘Them’ in Political Discourse. Critical Approaches to Discourse Analysis Across Disciplines, [S.l.], v. 8, n. 1, p. 23-37, 2016.
Esta obra está licenciada com uma Licença 