Biofeedback for the control of bruxism
a scoping review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35699/2178-1990.2023.42127Abstract
Aim: To comprehend the functioning of various biofeedback types and their effectiveness in controlling sleep and awake bruxism.
Methods: This is a scoping review, conducted in three databases: Medline (Pubmed and VHL), PEDRo, and Cochrane, and was written according to PRISMA-ScR guidelines.
Results: Our study found 595 references; after removing duplicates and applying the eligibility criteria, thirty-five articles were included. Most studies examined the effectiveness of biofeedback systems that integrated oral splints, primarily through the use of exteroceptive stimuli, to manage sleep bruxism. Although biofeedback was found to reduce the duration of bruxism episodes in the short term in most articles, it did not significantly change the number of episodes, which reverted to pre-treatment levels. The use of biofeedback was more effective for awake bruxism. Moreover, in the studies that investigated both types of bruxism, but with the use of biofeedback only during the day, it was possible to observe a reduction in both the events of awake and sleep bruxism.
Conclusion: Most studies used biofeedback with negative reinforcement through exteroceptive stimulation to an aversive stimulus. Few studies use biofeedback for motor conditioning or behavioral change. The latter approaches proved to be more effective, even after discontinuing the stimulus.
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