Biofeedback no controle do bruxismo
uma revisão de escopo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35699/2178-1990.2023.42127Resumo
Objetivo: Compreender como os diversos tipos de biofeedback agem, e se são eficazes no controle do bruxismo do sono e vigília.
Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão de escopo, com busca em três bases de dados, Medline (Pubmed e BVS), PEDRo e Cochrane, e redigida de acordo com as diretrizes do PRISMA-ScR.
Resultados: Foram encontradas 595 referências. Após a remoção das duplicatas e da aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, trinta e cinco artigos foram incluídos. A maioria investigou o bruxismo do sono e o uso de placas orais integradas a sistemas de biofeedback, principalmente através de estímulos exteroceptivos. Na maioria dos artigos, o biofeedback foi efetivo a curto prazo para o bruxismo do sono, reduzindo a duração dos episódios, mas não alterando o número de episódios do bruxismo, mas com retorno aos níveis do pré-tratamento. O uso do biofeedback foi mais efetivo para o bruxismo de vigília e nos estudos que investigaram ambos os tipos de bruxismo, mas, com o uso do biofeedback apenas no período diurno, foi possível observar uma redução tanto nos eventos do bruxismo de vigília como nos do sono.
Conclusão: A maioria das pesquisas se utilizou do biofeedback por meio de estímulo exteroceptivo, com reforço negativo a um estímulo aversivo; poucos estudos utilizaram o biofeedback com o propósito de condicionamento motor ou de mudança comportamental, sendo esses mais eficazes, mesmo após a retirada do estímulo.
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