Profile of patients with developmental disabilities under dental care in an intersectoral extension project
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7308/aodontol/2017.53.e01Keywords:
Dental care for the disabled, Cerebral palsy, Oral health, Developmental disabilities, Dental caries, GinvitisAbstract
Aim: The present study aimed to describe the profile of the patients who received dental care at a philanthropic institution, within the project “Dental Care for Patients with Special Needs”.
Methods: This study was carried out by evaluating 581 records of patients with special needs from 0 to 33 years of age. Data were collected on the prevalence of caries in deciduous and permanent dentitions, gingivitis, xerostomia, bruxism, gastroesophageal reflux, sex, use of central action medication, pacifier use, digital suction, feeding, and oral hygiene. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the chi-square test to verify an association between diagnosis and sex.
Results: The results showed that 51.93% were boys, 71.42% had cerebral palsy, 12.36% had gastroesophageal reflux, and 49.30% used anticonvulsant medication. The diagnosis of quadrispastic cerebral palsy was associated with males. Xerostomia was observed in 4.86% of the cases. The use of pacifiers was present in 26.93% of the individuals, while 18.05% of the patients used to suck their finger. Gingival changes were detected in 15.61% of the records. In relation to food, 56.97% of the individuals consumed sugar above the acceptable amount, and when oral hygiene was considered, 14.48% were classified as poor and 17.57% as moderate. This study also identified 20.57% of decayed and 4.29% of filled deciduos teeth. Among the patients who had permanent teeth, 13.17% had decayed teeth, while 7.75% had filled teeth. It could therefore be concluded that the prevalence of dental caries is moderate with a small proportion of treated teeth. Diet is rich in sucrose for almost 60% of these patients.
Conclusion: The parafunctional habits present a worrisome percentage of prevalence. Therefore, these patients have a profile of oral diseases with moderate severity and should undergo systematic dental follow-up so that the prevalence of oral diseases does not increase over the years.
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