Effectiveness of indirect motivational methods in the reduction of biofilm and gingival alteration in adults
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7308/aodontol/2017.53.e05Keywords:
Motivation, Oral health, Oral hygiene, Dental plaqueAbstract
Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of different indirect oral hygiene methods in the reduction of bacterial plaque and gingival bleeding in adults.
Methods: This was a controlled, randomized, and double-blind study. The adults (n = 88) were divided into four groups (n = 22) according to the adopted motivational method: Group I: film; Group II: folder; Group III: lecture; Group IV (control): no motivation. The content informed was the same; the only difference was in the adopted motivational methodology. In the control group, the content was given after having completed the study. The clinical examination was performed through the bacterial and gingival plaque indices at zero time (baseline), 7, 37, 67, and 97 days after the motivations. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) / Tukey’s test was performed (p <0.05).
Results: The methods of indirect motivation (film, leaflet, and lecture) presented a reduction in the bacterial plaque index and gingival index during the follow-up time (p> 0.05). However, seven days after indirect motivation, the index of plaque in group I (film) was lower than in group IV (control) (p = 0.015), and neither differed from groups II (folder) and III (lecture). After 37 days, the gingival index of groups I (film) and III (lecture) differed from the control group, but presented no statistically significant difference when compared to group II (folder) (p <0.001).
Conclusion: Although there was no reduction in the bacterial plaque index and in the groups during follow-up, the motivation through film and lecture presented a lower average plaque index and gingival index when compared to the control group in at least one period of the study’s evaluation.
Downloads
References
Marcenes W, Kassebaum NJ, Bernabé E, Flaxman A, Naghavi M, Lopez A, Murray CJ. Global burden of oral conditions in 1990-2010: a systematic analysis. J Dent Res. 2013;92:592-7.
Albandar JM, Rams TE. Global epidemiology of oral diseases: an overview. Periodontol 2000. 2002;29:7-10.
Jönsson B, Öhrn K, Oscarson N, Lindberg P. The effectiveness of an individually tailored oral health educational programme on oral hygiene behaviour in patients with periodontal disease: a blinded randomized-controlled clinical trial (one-year follow-up). J Clin Periodontol. 2009;36:1025-34.
Ivanovic M, Lekic P. Transient effect of a short-term educational programme without prophylaxis on control of plaque and gingival inflammation in school children. J Clin Periodontol. 1996;23:750-7.
Livny A, Vered Y, Slouk L, Sgan-Cohen HD. Oral health promotion for schoolchildren - evaluation of a pragmatic approach with emphasis on improving brushing skills. BMC Oral Health. 2008;8:4.
Worthington HV, Hill KB, Mooney J, Hamilton FA, Blinkhorm AS. A cluster randomized controlled trial of a dental health education program for 10-year-old children. J Public Health Dent. 2001;61:22-7.
Garcia PPNS, Campos FP, Rodrigues JA, Santos PA, Dovigo LN. Avaliação dos efeitos da educação e motivação sobre o conhecimento e comportamento de higiene bucal em adultos. Ciênc Odontol Bras. 2004;7:30-9.
Hugoson A, Lundgren D, Asklöw B, Borgklint G. Effect of three different dental health preventive programmes on young adult individuals: a randomized, blinded, parallel group, controlled evaluation of oral hygiene behaviour on plaque and gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2007;34:407-15.
Kakudate N, Morita M, Sugai M, Kawanami M. Systematic cognitive behavioral approach for oral hygiene instruction: a short-term study. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;74:191-6.
Neves PCB, Cortellazzi KL, Ambrosano GMB, Pereira AC, Meneghin MC, Mialhe FL. The impact of motivational interviewing in reducing plaque and bleeding indices on probing in adult users of the family health strategy. Pesqui Bras Odontopediatria Clín Integr. 2015;15:183-96.
Saba-Chujfi E, Sarian R, Carvalho JCC, Silva ACQ, Saba MEC. Avaliação de diferentes métodos de motivação à higiene bucal aplicados em crianças de 7 a 12 anos de idade. Rev Assoc Paul Cirur Dent. 1989;43:13-5.
Glavind L, Christensen H, Pedersen E, Rosendahl H, Attström R. Oral hygiene instruction in general dental practice by means of self-teaching manuals. J Clin Periodontol. 1985;12:27-34.
Kois J, Kotch H, Cormier PP, Laster L. The effectiveness of various methods of plaque control instruction on short-term motivation. A clinical study. J Prev Dent. 1978;5:27-30.
Greene JC, Vermillion J. The simplified Oral Hygiene Index. J Am Dent Assoc. 1964;68:7-13.
Löe H. The gingival index, the plaque index and the retention index systems. J Periodontol. 1967;38:610-6.
Lim LP, Davies WI, Yuen KW, Ma MH. Comparison of modes of oral hygiene instruction in improving gingival health. J Clin Periodontol. 1996;23:693-7.
Kay EJ, Locker D. Is dental health education effective? A systematic review of current evidence. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1996;24:231-5.
Bratthall D. Programmed self-instruction in oral hygiene. J Periodontal Res. 1967;2:207-14.
Nakre PD, Harikiran AG. Effectiveness of oral health education programs: a systematic review. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2013;3:103-15
Renz ANPJ, Newton JT. Changing the behavior of patients with periodontitis. Periodontol 2000. 2009;51:252-68.
Lindhe J, Lang NP, Karring T. Clinical periodontology and implant dentistry. 5th ed. London: Wiley-Blackwell; 2008.
