Esquema Ponzi e Justiça Restaurativa
uma estrutura e práticas comparativas entre a Indonésia e a Hungria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69881/8qc4fd96Palavras-chave:
Justiça Criminal Comparada, Governança de Fraudes Financeiras, Harmonização Legal, Mecanismos de Mediação, Reparação à VítimaResumo
Este estudo examina como a justiça restaurativa pode ser aplicada a esquemas de pirâmide financeira, Ponzi, comparando os marcos legais na Indonésia e na Hungria. O problema de pesquisa reside em determinar como a justiça restaurativa, tradicionalmente utilizada para crimes interpessoais, pode funcionar de forma eficaz em casos complexos de fraude financeira que envolvem múltiplas vítimas e significativos danos econômicos. Utilizando uma abordagem jurídico-doutrinal, o artigo analisa disposições legais, regulamentos e mecanismos institucionais em ambos os países. Os resultados revelam que a Indonésia está em um estágio de transição, incorporando gradualmente a justiça restaurativa por meio de leis recentes, como a Lei nº 1 de 2023 e a Lei nº 4 de 2023, enquanto a Hungria já institucionalizou a mediação vítima-ofensor como parte de seu sistema de justiça criminal. Apesar disso, ambos enfrentam desafios semelhantes: ambiguidades conceituais sobre os esquemas de pirâmide, mecanismos limitados de reparação e dificuldades processuais devido ao grande número de vítimas dispersas. A análise comparativa mostra que o sistema húngaro consolidado de mediação oferece insights práticos para a reforma em curso na Indonésia, embora ambos os sistemas necessitem de maior coerência legal e estratégias de implementação centradas na vítima. Unindo teoria e prática, este estudo avança a justiça restaurativa em crimes econômicos, propondo reformas integradas que equilibrem responsabilização, reparação e prevenção sistêmica em fraudes financeiras transnacionais.
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