Spatial analysis between poverty and vegetation in the city of Mar del Plata (Argentina)

Abstract

In Latin America, cities have witnessed a transformation marked by the emergence of gated communities on the outskirts. This phenomenon has deepened urban fragmentation, exacerbated social segregation and hindered interaction between different social strata. Peripheral urbanizations, with high levels of security and exclusive services, contrast with surrounding areas lacking basic services such as potable water and education. This disparity undermines comprehensive urban planning and damages social fabric in the peripheries. This is the case of Mar del Plata city, where through the analysis of the relationship between poverty (using the Unsatisfied Basic Needs index) and vegetation presence (using the NDVI indicator), census tracts in the periphery have been identified where non-poor population resides and abundant vegetation exists. Two enclaves were detected, one to the north and one to the south of the locality. The population residing in these enclaves is distributed in urban forest reserves, coastal census tracts, and gated communities and/or country clubs. Despite the preference for green areas, urban expansion without considering the natural environment can negatively affect quality of life. This phenomenon underscores the need for more equitable and sustainable urban planning.