DEMONSTRAÇÃO INDIRETA EM JOÃO BURIDAN
Palavras-chave:
João Buridan, Teorias Medievais da Consequência, Reductio ad impossibilem, Modalidades, ImpossibilidadeResumo
Neste artigo, proponho uma análise da abordagem de João
Buridan a demonstrações por reductio ad impossibilem, ou demonstrações
indiretas. Em distinção a demonstrações categoriais, demonstrações indiretas
envolvem um condicional com um antecedente impossível. Central para o
artigo é o problema de como a análise de demonstrações indiretas proposta
por Buridan se relaciona com seu notório comprometimento ao princípio ex
impossibili quodlibet (EIQ), explicitado no Tractatus de Consequentiis. As
duas primeiras seções do artigo (1-2) descrevem como Buridan aborda os
princípios inferenciais de demonstrações indiretas, pondo-os no contexto da
sua teoria da consequência lógica. Nas duas seções restantes (3-4), investigo
as aplicações dessa forma de demonstração a partir dos apontamentos feitos
acerca dela no comentário de Buridan ao sétimo livro da Física. Ao fim, concluise
que a distinção entre contrapossíveis acerca de impossibilidades absolutas
e contrapossíveis acerca de impossibilidades nômicas é central para o uso
legítimo de demonstrações indiretas na acepção de Buridan.
Referências
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