O dilema das relações internacionais sob a ascensão de Roma no Mediterrâneo, 350-200 a.C.
Palavras-chave:
Roma, teoria das Relações Internacionais, hegemonia, anarquia, historiografia antiga.Resumo
A expansão da hegemonia romana no Mediterrâneo nos oferece um interessante estudo de caso para explorar a transição de uma anarquia para uma hierarquia internacional. Até que ponto, e de que maneira, a ascensão hegemônica romana (séculos IV-III a.C.) alterou a conduta dos Estados italianos, os primeiros a sentir os efeitos da supremacia romana? De que modo esses Estados reagiram às profundas mudanças no sistema internacional provocadas pela ascensão de Roma? Para abordar essas questões, é necessário seguirmos os relatos historiográficos de Políbio (200-120 a.C.) e Tito Lívio (59 a.C. – AD 17), cujas narrativas sobre a expansão romana inicial são as únicas que nos chegaram relativamente completas. Será proposto que, apesar de encontrarem-se subordinados à nova supremacia romana no século III a.C., muitos Estados italianos continuaram agindo como se fossem unidades autônomas e independentes no plano internacional.
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