How Did Substantive Clauses Appear in Latin?
An Analysis on Durham’s Study from Other Perspectives
Keywords:
Latin language, Plautus, syntax, pragmatics, historical linguisticsAbstract
This paper aims at reviewing the methodology used by Durham (1901) to describe the origin of subjunctive subordinate clauses, based on the language of Plautus. He collected Plautine tokens he believed to be comparable to those originally used in a supposed paratactic stage of Latin, from which subordination would have developed. His poorly detailed methodology was then further explained and specified, with linguistic theories not available at his time, namely the concept of enunciation, speech acts and pragmatics in general. The conclusion was that some conditions of ‘harmony’ between two paratactic verbs must be fulfilled so that Durham’s procedure can be adopted, to explain how two paratactic verbs can be reanalysed as hypotactic. The paper follows with some criticism over the assumption of a paratactic stage of Latin, which is fundamental to his theory. At last, a very brief exposition is made about another possible approach to his collected data, a synchronic, quantitative and distributional approach.
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