Virtues and vices of two layers of Fundamental Rights: lessons from the Protocol on the Charter of the Fundamental Rights of the EU

Résumé

During the last decades, a great many comprehensive and thematic instruments for the legal protection of human rights have been established. Three levels are necessary levels of protection, namely, the national, the international, and the supranational level. On these levels, however, one fnds a plurality of bills of rights or other legal instruments for the protection of human rights respectively, which overlap and may conflict. This make the assessment of claims