Occurrence of pressure injury in patients admitted to the intensive care unit
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5935/1415.2762.20210015Keywords:
Lesão por Pressão, Fatores de Risco, Unidades de Terapia Intensiva, Indicadores Básicos de Saúde, Epidemiologia.Abstract
Objective: to evaluate the factors associated with the occurrence of pressure injuries in adult critical patients in the intensive care unit. Method: a cross-sectional study carried out in the intensive care unit of a teaching hospital in the state of Sergipe, between August/2018 and July/2019. Hospitalized patients aged over 18 years old and with a minimum stay of 24 hours were included. Eligible and
aware patients were invited to participate voluntarily and offered clarifications regarding their consent. In the case of unconscious patients, authorization was requested from the family member or legal representative. In both cases, the Informed Consent Term was applied. For the analysis of risk factors associated with pressure injury, Fisher's exact test, chi-square, Shapiro-Wilks, Mann-Whitney, linear and logistic regression were used, with a significance of 5%. Results: the sample consisted of 99 patients. Of these, 30 (30.3%) developed pressure injuries. Most were female, with a mean age of 65 ± 14 years old and previous comorbidities such as diabetes, acute myocardial infarction, and stroke. When the risk factors for the development of pressure injury were evaluated, it was observed that acute kidney injury increased this chance by 3.5 times (p = 0.036) and for each additional day of hospitalization, the patient presented 3.5 times more chances of developing a new pressure injury (p = 0.038). Conclusion: acute kidney injury and length of stay in the intensive care unit were risk
factors associated with the development of pressure injury.
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