Covid-19 trends among pregnant women in brazil and their relationship with human development and the gini index

Authors

  • Bianca Chel da Silva Universidade Federal de São Carlos – UFSCar, Departamento de Enfermagem – DENF. São Carlos, SP – Brasil.
  • Ana Cristina Ribeiro Universidade Federal de São Carlos – UFSCar, Departamento de Enfermagem – DENF. São Carlos, SP – Brasil.
  • Sílvia Carla da Silva André Uehara Universidade Federal de São Carlos – UFSCar, Departamento de Enfermagem – DENF. São Carlos, SP – Brasil.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35699/2316-9389.2026.56025

Keywords:

COVID-19, Pregnancy, Pregnant People, Epidemiology, Incidence, Economic Indexes, Development Indicators, Health Statistics

Abstract

Objective: to analyze trends in the incidence of COVID-19 among pregnant women during the pandemic and to assess its association with the Human Development Index (HDI) and the Gini Index. Method: this ecological study covered Brazil’s 27 federal units and examined COVID-19 cases among pregnant women between 2020 and 2023. We obtained data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics website and the OpenDataSUS platform. We analyzed trends using the join-point model and assessed associations using Poisson regression. Results: in the North region, in 2023, each 0.10 increase in the HDI was associated with an increase in the incidence of the disease (rate ratio [RR] = 595.035; p < 0.001), while in the South region, a decrease was observed (RR = 0.0002; p < 0.001). The highest Gini index, observed in the Northeast in 2021, was associated with an increase in incidence (RR = 11.579; p < 0.001), whereas in the Southeast and South regions, a negative association was found, with rate ratios ranging from 0.196 to 0.731 over the period (p < 0.001). Conclusion: the incidence of COVID-19 among pregnant women and its association with the HDI and the Gini Index varied across the study period and among the regions analyzed, reflecting the influence of socioeconomic inequalities on disease spread.

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Published

2026-09-17

Issue

Vol. 30 (2026)

Section

Research

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Copyright (c) 2026 REME-Revista Mineira de Enfermagem

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How to Cite

1.
Chel da Silva B, Ribeiro AC, da Silva André Uehara SC. Covid-19 trends among pregnant women in brazil and their relationship with human development and the gini index. REME Rev Min Enferm. [Internet]. 2026 Sep. 17 [cited 2026 Oct. 18];30. Available from: https://periodicos.ufmg.br/index.php/reme/article/view/56025

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