Deriva Imunológica
a história natural dos linfócitos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35699/2316-770X.2014.2642Palavras-chave:
Deriva natural, Imunologia, ExaptaçãoResumo
O surgimento do sistema imune na filogênese dos vertebrados mandibulados com sua vasta coleção de receptores linfocitários expressos de forma clonal é usualmente visto como um processo otimizado para a defesa do organismo. Há uma clara associação entre o neodarwinismo, a visão dominante na Biologia atual e a descrição usual da atividade imunológica, conhecida como imunidade adaptativa. Neste texto, sugerimos que toda uma nova abordagem à origem dos sistemas vivos, denominada por Maturana e Mpodozis deriva filogênica natural, aplicada à imunologia, pode substituir a explicação neodarwinista sobre a origem da atividade imunológica. Além disso, pelo emprego dos conceitos de tímpanos (spandrels) e de exaptação, criados por Gould e colaboradores, revemos dados da imunologia comparada e afirmamos que o sistema imune não se formou como um sistema otimizado para a defesa do organismo, mas pode ser visto como um tímpano (spandrel), uma consequência de processos que originalmente não estavam relacionados a interações do organismo com materiais estranhos. Afirmamos também que a inserção de linfócitos na dinâmica do organismo era necessária para contornar o potencial imunopatogênico de expansões clonais.
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