From multiculturalism to interculturality

through the relational reason

Autores

  • Pierpaolo Donati Università di Bologna

Palavras-chave:

multiculturalism, interculturality, relational reason, recognition, relational paradigm

Resumo

Multiculturalism is a term which was spread in the West during the 1960s to indicate respect, tolerance and defence of cultural minorities. The idea of multiculturalism has become a collective imaginary ("all different, all equals"). It has generated a political ideology supporting an inclusive citizenship towards "different" cultures. After being adopted as official policy in many Countries, multiculturalism has generated more negative than positive effects (fragmenting the society, separating the minorities and creating public cultural relativism). As a political doctrine, it seems harder and harder to be put into practice. At its place, today we talk of interculturality. But this expression also seems quite vague and uncertain. This essay discusses the possible alternatives to multiculturalism, asking itself whether the way of interculturality can be a solution or not. The Author's thesis is that the theory of interculturality has the advantage to stress the inter, namely what lies in between different cultures. But it does not possess yet the conceptual and effective means to understand and handle the problems of the public sphere, when the different cultures express radical cultural values that bring about conflict between them. The troubles of interculturality result from the lack of two things: an insufficient reflexitivity inside the single cultures, and the lack of a relational interface between the different cultures (between the carrier subjects). Modern western Reason created a societal structure (lib-lab) promoting neither the first nor the second one. In fact, it neutralizes them, because it faces the dilemmas of values inside the cultural diversities through criteria of ethical indifference. Such criteria set reflexitivity to zero, preventing individuals from understanding the deepest reasons of the vital experience of the others. Reason is emptied of its meaning and of its understanding capability. To go over the failures of multiculturalism and the frailties of interculturality, a lay approach to the coexistence of cultures is required, being able to give strength back to Reason, through new semantics of the inter-human diversity. The Author suggests the development of the "relational reason", beyond the forms already known of rationality. To make Reason relational might be the best way to imagine a new social order of society, being able to humanize the globalizing processes and the growing migrations. The after-modern society will be more or less human depending on how it will be able to widen the human Reason, structuring it inside a new "relational unit" with the religious faith.

 

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Biografia do Autor

Pierpaolo Donati, Università di Bologna

Professor of Sociology at the Department of Sociology and Business Law of the University of Bologna (Italy).

Referências

Archer, M. S. (2003). Structure, Agency and the Internal Conversation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Belardinelli, S. (2002). La normalità e l’eccezione. Il ritorno della natura nella cultura contemporanea. Soveria Mannelli, Itália: Rubbettino.

Benhabib, S. (2002), The Claims of Culture: Equality and Diversity in the Global Era. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Boudon, R. (2006). Una teoria giudicatrice dei sentimenti morali. MondOperaio, 11(4-5), 108-123.

Browning, D. (Ed.). (2006). Universalism vs Relativism: making moral judgements in a changing, pluralistic, and threatening world, Lanham –Boulder -New York -Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield Publ.

Clarke, P. B. (1996). Deep Citizenship, London-Chicago: Pluto Press.Commission Stasi (2003). Laicïté et Republique. Paris: La Documentation Française

Crepaldi, G. (2006). Globalizzazione. Una prospettiva cristiana. Siena, Itália: Cantagalli.

Currie, R. J. (2005). The Bounds of the Permissible: Using ̳Cultural Evidence‘ in Civil Jury Cases. Canadian Journal of Law and Society, 20(1), 75-86.

Donati, P. (1997). Pensiero sociale cristiano e società post-moderna. Roma: Editrice Ave.

Donati, P. (199). Oltre la crisi dello Stato sociale: dal codice inclusione/esclusione al codice relazionale/non relazionale. Sociologia e Politiche Sociali, 2(3), 195-220.

Donati, P.(2002). Religion and Democracy: The Challenge of a ―Religiously Qualified‖ Public Sphere. Polish Sociological Review, 138(2), 147-173.

Donati, P. (2007). Ri-conoscere la famiglia attraverso il suo valore aggiunto. In P. Donati (a cura di). Ri-conoscere la famiglia: quale valore aggiunto per la persona e la società? (pp. 25-62). Cinisello Balsamo, Itália: Edizioni San Paolo.

Donati, P. (2008). Oltre il multiculturalismo. La ragione relazionale per costruire un mondo comune. Roma-Bari: Laterza.

Donati, P.(2011). Relational Sociology. A New Paradigm for the Social Sciences. London/New York: Routledge.

Dundes Rentein, A. (2005).The Use and Abuse of the Cultural Defense. Canadian Journal of Law and Society, 20(1), 45-67.

Ferry, J.-M., (1991). Les Puissances de l’expérience. Essai sur l’identité contemporaine, t.1, Le Sujet et le verbe, t.2, Les Ordres de la reconnaissance. Paris: Éditions du Cerf.

Fichte, J. G. (2003). La missione del dotto (Vorlesungenüber die Bestimmung des Gelehrten1794). Milano: Mursia.

Gomarasca, P. (2004). I confini dell’altro. Etica dello spazio multiculturale. Milano: Vita e Pensiero.

Gupta, A. & Ferguson, J. (1992). Beyond ―Culture‖: Space, Identity and the Politics of Difference. Cultural Anthropology, 7(1), 6-23.

Habermas, J. & Taylor, C. (1998). Multiculturalismo. Lotte per il riconoscimento. Milano: Feltrinelli.

Honneth, A. (1995). The Struggle for Recognition. The Moral Grammar of Social Conflicts. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Hungtinton, S. (1996). The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York: Touchstone.

Luhmann, N. (1984). Soziale Systeme. Grundriss einer allgemeinen Theorie.Frankfurt, Alemanha: Suhrkamp.

Mackey, E. (2002). The House of Difference: Cultural Politics and National Identity in Canada. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press.

Mathieu, V. (2004). Privacy e dignità dell’uomo: una teoria della persona. Torino, Itália: Giappichelli.

Monceri, F. (a cura di) (2006). Immagini dell’altro: identità e diversità a confronto. Roma: Edizioni Lavoro.

Ratzinger, J. (2003). Fede, verità, tolleranza: il cristianesimo e le religioni del mondo. Siena, Itália: Cantagalli.

Ratzinger, J. (2005,1 aprile). L’Europa nella crisi delle culture. Conferenza al Monastero di Santa Scolastica, in occasione della consegna all‘autore del Premio San Benedetto ―per la promozione della vita e della famiglia in Europa‖. Subiaco, Itália.

Ricoeur, P. (2004). Parcours de la reconnaisance. Paris: Éditions Stock.Sandywell, B. (1996). Reflexivity and The Crisis of Western Reason. London: Routledge.

Sartori, G. (2000). Pluralismo, multiculturalismo e estranei. Saggio sulla società multietnica. Milano: Rizzoli.

Seligman, A. (1992). The Idea of Civil Society. NewYork: The Free Press.

Sen, A. (1999). Reason Before Identity: The Romanes Lecture for 1998. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Sen, A. (2006, 23 agosto). Integrazione. La crisi del multiculturalismo. Corriere della Sera, 23, 35.

Shimada, S. (2006). Le differenze culturali e il problema della traduzione. In F. Monceri (a cura di). Immagini dell’altro. Identità e diversità a confronto(pp. 211-243). Roma: Edizioni Lavoro.

Taylor, C. (1992). The Politics of Recognition. In A. Gutmann (ed.). Multiculturalismand "The Politics of Recognition" (pp. 25-73). Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Taylor, C. (2005). Gli immaginari sociali moderni (P. Costa, trad.). Roma: Meltemi. (Originally published in2004).

Teubner, G. (2006). The Anonymous Matrix: Human Rights Violations by 'Private' Transnational Actors. Modern Law Review, 69(3), 327-346.

Tiankui, J.; Sasaki, M. & Peilin, L. (Eds.). Social Change in the Age of Globalization. Leiden-Boston: Brill.

Touriñan López, J. M. (2006). La educación intercultural como ejercicio de educación en valores. Estudios sobre Educación, 10(5), 9-36.

Zamagni, S. (2002). Migrazioni, multiculturalità e politiche dell‘identità. In C. Vigna & S. Zamagni (a cura di). Multiculturalismo e identità (pp. 221-261). Milano: Vita e Pensiero.

Downloads

Publicado

2013-04-01

Como Citar

Donati, P. (2013). From multiculturalism to interculturality: through the relational reason. Memorandum: Memória E História Em Psicologia, 24, 133–167. Recuperado de https://periodicos.ufmg.br/index.php/memorandum/article/view/6549

Edição

Seção

Artigos