Cattle-mad heroes

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35699/1983-3636.2024.53267

Keywords:

cattle, archaic Greek epic, Reciprocity relations, Homer, Hesiod

Abstract

This article seeks to contribute to the study of the archaic Greek epic by providing a preliminary exploration of the deep connections between cattle, wealth and status in the heroic societies represented in poems of this genre and a synthesis of the processes of honorific circulation of pastoral animals that permeate the dynamics of these societies. Throughout the text, the circulation of cattle will be addressed in the form of prizes in athletic competitions, as gifts in contexts of hospitality, in the form of rewards for services rendered or as compensation for damages and injuries, as gifts in the establishment of marriage ties and as a central element in commensality rituals.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

ADKINS, A. W. H. Homeric gods and the values of homeric society. Journal of Hellenic Studies, v. 91, p. 1-19, 1972. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/629970

ASSUNÇÃO, T. R. Boa comida como razão para arriscar a vida: o discurso de Sarpédon a Glauco (Ilíada XII, 310-328). Nuntius Antiquus, n. 1, 2008, p. 1-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17851/1983-3636.1.0.27-44

BAKKER, E. J. The meaning of meat and the structure of the Odyssey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139047722

BENVENISTE, É. Vocabulário das instituições indo-européias. Trad. de Denise Bottmann. São Paulo: Editora da Unicamp, 1995, 2 vols.

CINGANO, E. A catalogue within a catalogue: Helen’s suitors. In: HUNTER, R. (ed.) The hesiodic Catalogue of Women: constructions and reconstructions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005, p. 118-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511482243.007

CINGANO, E.The death of Oedipus in the epic tradidion. Phoenix, v. 46, n. 1, 1992, p. 1-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1088770

ERCOLANI, A. Esiodo, Opere e giorni (introduzione, traduzione e commento). Roma: Carocci Editore, 2010.

DONLAN, W. Reciprocities in Homer. The Classical World, v. 75, n. 3, p. 137-175, 1982. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/4349350

DONLAN, W. The homeric economy. In: Morris, I. e Powell, B. (eds.). A new companion to Homer. Leiden: Brill, 1997, p. 649-659. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004217607_029

FINKELBERG, M. (ed.). The Homer encyclopedia. Blackwell, 2011, 3 vols.

FINLEY, M. I. Marriage, sale and gift in the homeric world. Seminar, School of Canon Law/The Catholic University of America, v. 12, 1954, p. 7-32.

FINLEY, M. I., The World of Odysseus. 2nd ed. New York: Penguin Books, 1978.

FRAZER, J. G. Apollodorus’ Library. Harvard University Press, 1921, 2 vols. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4159/DLCL.apollodorus_mythographer-library.1921

HEUBECK, A; WEST, S; HAINSWORTH, J. B. A Commentary on Homer’s Odyssey. Vol. I. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.

HOWE, T. Pastoral politics: animals, agriculture and society in Ancient Greece. Claremont, California: Association of Ancient Historians/Regina Books, 2008.

ISAGER, S.; SKYDSGAARD, J. E. Ancient Greek agriculture: an introduction. London/New York: Routledge, 1992. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203294901

JONES, W. H. S; ORMEROD, H. A. Pausanias’ Description of Greece: books III-V. London: William Heinemann/New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1926. (Loeb Classical Library).

JONG, Irene de. A narratological commentary on the Odyssey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511482137

KIRK, G. S. The Iliad: a commentary. Vol. I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511620263

LACEY, W. K. Homeric ΕΔΝΑ and Penelope’s ΚΥΡΙΟΣ. Journal of Hellenic Studies, v. 86, 1966, p. 55-68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/628993

McINERNEY, J. The cattle of the Sun: cows and culture in the world of the ancient Greeks. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400834877

MERKELBACH, R.; WEST, M. Fragmenta hesiodea. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1967.

MOST, G. W. Hesiod’s Theogony, Works and Days, Testimonia. Harvard University Press, 2006. (Loeb Classical Library). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.162385

MOST, G. W. Hesiod’s The Shield, Catalogue of Women, Other Fragments. Harvard University Press, 2007. (Loeb Classical Library). DOI: https://doi.org/10.4159/DLCL.hesiod-other_fragments.2007

PAPAKONSTANTINOU, Z. Prizes in early archaic Greek sport. Nikephoros, n. 15, 2002, p. 51-67.

PERRY, T. P. J. Sport in the Early Iron Age and Homeric Epic. In: CHRISTESEN, P.; KYLE, D. (eds.) A companion to sport and spectacle in the Greek and Roman Antiquity. Blackwell, 2014, p. 55-67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118609965.ch3

PERTUSI, A. Scholia vetera in Hesiodi Opera et Dies. (Milano: Vita e pensiero, 1955). In: PANTELIA, M. (ed.). Thesaurus Linguae Graecae Digital Library. Irvine: University of California. Disponível em: http://stephanus.tlg.uci.edu/ . Acesso em: 2024.

PERYSINAKIS, I. N. Penelope’s ΕΕΔΝΑ again. The Classical Quarterly, v. 41, n. 2, 1991, p. 297-302. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S000983880000447X

RAAFLAUB, K. A. Homeric society. In: MORRIS, I.; POWEL, B. (eds). A new companion to Homer. Leiden: Brill, 1997, p. 624-646. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004217607_028

RICHARDSON, N. Three Homeric Hymns: to Apollo, Hermes, and Aphrodite. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511840296

RUNDIN, J. A politics of eating: feasting in early Greek society. The American journal of Philology, v. 117, n. 2, 1996, p. 179-215. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/ajp.1996.0029

SAÏD, S. Les crimes des prétendants, la maison d’ Ulysse et les festins de l’ Odyssée. In: SAÏD, S.; DESBORDES, F. et alli. Études de littérature ancienne. Paris: Presses de l’ École normale supériore, 1979, p. 9-49.

SCHEID-TISSINIER, E. L’usage du concept de don dans la poésie homérique. Métis, v. 9-10, p. 401-416, 1994. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/metis.1994.1041

SCHNAPP-GOURBEILLON, Annie. Lions, héros, masques: les representations de l’ animal chez Homère. Paris: François Maspero, 1981. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/dec.schna.1981.01

SEAFORD, R. Introduction. In: GILL, C.; POSTLETHWAITE, N.: SEAFORD, R. Reciprocity in Ancient Greece. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998, p. 1-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198149972.003.0001

SEAFORD, R. Money and the early Greek mind: Homer, philosophy, tragedy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511483080

SHERRAT, S. Feasting in homeric epic. Hesperia, v. 73, n. 2, 2004, p. 301-337. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2972/hesp.2004.73.2.301

THIEL, H. Homeri Odyssea. Hildesheim: Olms, 1991.

THIEL, H. van. Homeri Ilias. Iterum recognovit. Hildesheim: Olms, 2010.

ULF, C. The world of Homer and Hesiod. In: RAAFLAUB, K; WEES, H. van (eds). A companion to Archaic Greece. Blackwell, 2009, p. 88-89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444308761.ch5

VIEIRA, L. M. O jovem Nestor como leïstḗr (saqueador) na Ilíada e o tema da razia de gado em Homero. Classica, v. 29, n. 1, p. 205-232, 2016a. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24277/classica.v29i1.414

VIEIRA, L. M. O tema da razia de gado (boelasía) na épica homérica. Tese (Doutorado em Letras Clássicas) – Programa de Pós-graduação em Letras Clássicas. FFLCH – USP, São Paulo, 2016b.

WALCOT, Peter. Cattle raiding, heroic tradition, and ritual: the Greek evidence. History of Religions, v. 18, n. 4, 1979, p. 326-351. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/462826

WECOWSKI, M. The rise of the Greek aristocratic banquet. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199684014.001.0001

WEES, H. van. Status warriors: war, violence and society in Homer and History. Amsterdam: Gieben, 1992. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004525559

WEES, H. van. The homeric way of war: the ‘Iliad’ and the hoplite phalanx (I). Greece & Rome, v. 41, n. 1, 1994, pp. 1-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0017383500023123

WEES, H. van. Princes at dinner: social event and social structure in Homer. In: CRIELAARD, J. P. (org.) Homeric questions: essays in philology, ancient history and archaeology, including the papers of a conference organized by the Netherlands Institute at Athens (15 May 1993). Amsterdam: Gieben, 1995, p. 147-182. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004673427_009

WEES, H. van. The law of gratitude: reciprocity in anthropological theory. In: GILL, C.; POSTLETHWAITE, N.: SEAFORD, R. (ed.). Reciprocity in Ancient Greece. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998, p. 13-49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198149972.003.0002

WEES, H. van. The economy. In: RAAFLAUB, K; WEES, H. van (eds.). A companion to Archaic Greece. Blackwell, 2009, p. 444-467. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444308761.ch23

WEES, H. van. The invention of the female mind: women, property and gender ideology in Archaic Greece. In: WESTBROOK, R.; LYONS, D. Women and property in Ancient Near Eastern and Mediterranean Societies. Washington: Center of Hellenic Studies, 2005. Disponível em: http://chs.harvard.edu/CHS/article/display/1219. Acesso em: 2023.

WEST, M. L. Hesiod’s Works & Days. Edited with prolegomena and commentary. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978.

Published

2024-11-25