The Story of Ahiqar and the contest of kings
Puzzle games and wisdom literature in the ancient Near East
Keywords:
wisdom contest, wise counsellor, riddle, ancient narrative, AhiqarAbstract
The tale-type of the “wisdom contest of kings” is internationally attested in two variant forms. The simpler and older one involves only two rulers in intellectual competition with each other. In the other, more expanded form, one of the rulers has a counsellor, who undertakes the most important role in the action, solving the problems and securing the victory for his king. The introduction of the counsellor’s figure and the development of the expanded variant are related to a key narrative composition of the ancient world, the Story of Ahiqar, which exercised a vast influence on subsequent novelistic and wisdom texts. In the Story of Ahiqar, the sagacious counsellor is not only the main figure of the wisdom contest but also the protagonist of a broader biographical narration, into which the contest has been inserted as an individual episode. The reason for the extraordinary promotion of the counsellor’s character lies in the composite narrative construction of Ahiqar, in which two different story patterns (the “wisdom contest of kings” and the “disgrace and rehabilitation of the wise adviser”) are joined. The counsellor serves as the link between the two patterns; the intellectual competition, to which the king is challenged, is interposed between the counsellor’s fall and his restoration and provides the cause for the latter. Thus, the kings’ contest is refashioned in such a way as to revolve around the counsellor’s central role in the entire narrative. By artfully combining two distinct popular tale-types of the Near-Eastern imaginarium, the creator of Ahiqarshaped a new, groundbreaking narrative construct.
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