Sobreposição no desenvolvimento bilíngue bimodal
Code-blending in bimodal bilingual development
Mots-clés :
Bilinguismo bimodal, desenvolvimento bilíngue, sobreposição de línguas, alternância de línguas, sensibilidade ao interlocutorRésumé
Crianças bilíngues desenvolvem sensibilidade para escolher as línguas de seus interlocutores de forma muito precoce, o que se reflete nas proporções diferenciadas do uso de cada língua. Os fatores tais como o contexto do discurso e a relativa dominância das línguas na comunidade podem também determinar o grau de diferenciação dos usos das línguas nas crianças em fase préescolar. Crianças bilíngues bimodais, ou seja, as que estão adquirindo uma língua de sinais e uma língua falada, simultaneamente, estão diante de um contexto mais complexo de negociações. Além da alternância de línguas, essas crianças produzem a sobreposição de línguas, que é um fenômeno sociolinguístico análogo àquele, mas sem a supressão de uma das línguas. Este estudo analisa produções espontâneas de crianças bilíngues bimodais, interagindo com seus interlocutores surdos ou ouvintes (duas crianças americanas e duas brasileiras). Nossos resultados mostram que, mesmo nas produções mais iniciais, as crianças produzem mais enunciados sinalizados com seus interlocutores surdos e mais enunciados falados com os seus interlocutores ouvintes. Todas as quatro crianças produziram enunciados bimodais, tanto nas sessões em que a língua alvo era a fala ou os sinais, mas de forma muito mais frequente nas sessões em sinais, potencialmente porque as crianças acham mais difícil suprimir a língua dominante. Esses resultados indicam que essas crianças bilíngues bimodais são sensíveis às línguas e seus interlocutores, enquanto apresentam uma influência considerável da língua dominante da sua comunidade.
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