Pensando sobre as línguas entre a fixidez e a fluidez: o que uma perspectiva translíngue pode nos ensinar sobre políticas linguísticas no Sul global?

Diogo Oliveira do Espírito Santo

Autores

Diogo Oliveira do Espírito Santo Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB) | Amargosa | BA | BR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4805-4430

Palavras-chave:

translinguagem, fixidez, fluidez, política linguística

Resumo

Afastando-se de uma tradição que trata o multilinguismo como um problema e a língua como um sistema autônomo, abordagens teóricas atuais têm se deslocado de princípios monolíngues em direção a perspectivas translíngues como forma de investigar a relação entre política linguística e ideologia. Neste texto, assumo tal posição a fim de explorar como as atitudes de sujeitos multilíngues em relação às suas línguas são moldadas por ideologias que ressaltam tanto a fixidez quanto a fluidez das práticas comunicativas contemporâneas. Para isso, analiso dados de uma pesquisa que problematizou as práticas translíngues online de sujeitos de nações pós-coloniais através de entrevistas e questionários. Embasado nas noções de translinguagem, mundos linguagisados e nos conceitos bakhtinianos de forças centrípetas e centrífugas, defendo que para uma melhor compreensão dos impactos das políticas linguísticas nas vidas de sujeitos multilíngues, pesquisadores devem se voltar às implicações de noções fixas e fluidas de linguagem na negociação de diferentes ideologias linguísticas.

Downloads

Os dados de download ainda não estão disponíveis.

Referências

ARCHANJO, R. Language and Power in Language Policies in the Brazilian context. In: FINARDI, K. R. (ed.). English in Brazil: Views, Policies and Programs. Londrina, PR: Eduel, 2016, p. 33-52.

AUER, P. ‘Translanguaging’ or ‘Doing Languages’? Multilingual Practices and the Notion of ‘Codes’. In: MCSWANN, J. (ed.). Language(s): Multilingualism and its Consequences. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters, 2019, p. 1-31.

BANDA, F. Translanguaging and English-African Mother Tongues as Linguistics Dispensation in Teaching and Learning in a Black Township School in Cape Town. Current Issues in Language Planning, v. 19, n. 2, p. 198-217, 2018.

BAKHTIN, M. The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays by M. M. Bakhtin. Translation Michael Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist. Austin, TX: Texas University Press, 1981.

BLACKLEDGE, A.; CREESE, A. Heteroglossia as Practice and Pedagogy. In: BLACKLEDGE, A.; CREESE, A. (eds.). Heteroglossia as Practice and Pedagogy. Dordrecht, NL: Springer, 2014, p. 1-20.

BLACKLEDGE, A.; CREESE, A. Translanguaging in mobility. In: CANAGARAJAH, A. S. (ed.). The Handbook of Migration and Language. New York, NY: Routledge, 2017, p. 31-46.

BLOCK, D. The Political Economy of Language Education Research (or the Lack Thereof): Nancy Fraser and the Case of Translanguaging. Critical Inquiry in Language Studies, v. 15, n. 4, p. 237-257, 2018.

BONFIGLIO, T. H. Mother Tongues and Nations: The Invention of the Native Speaker. New York, NY: Mouton de Gruyter, 2010.

BOURDIEU, P. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1977.

CANAGARAJAH, A. S. Reclaiming the Local in Language Policy and Practice. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, 2005.

CANAGARAJAH, A. S. Translingual Practice: Global Englishes and Cosmopolitan Relations. New York, NJ: Routledge, 2013.

CANAGARAJAH, A. S. Translingual Practices and Neoliberal Policies: Attitudes and Strategies of African Skilled Migrants in Anglophone Workplaces. New York, NY: Springer, 2017.

CANAGARAJAH, A. S.; DOVCHIN, S. The Everyday Politics of Translingualism as a Resistant Practice. International Journal of Multilingualism, v. 16, n. 2, p. 127-144, 2019.

CENOZ, J.; GORTER, D. Teaching English through Pedagogical Translanguaging. World Englishes, v. 39, n. 2, p. 300-311, 2020.

DEL VALLE, H.; GABRIEL-STHEEMAN, L. Nationalism, Hispanismo, and Monoglossic Culture. In: DEL VALLE, H.; GABRIEL-STHEEMAN, L. (eds.). The Battle over Spanish between 1800 and 2000. London, UK: Routledge, 2001, p. 1-13.

DOVCHIN, S.; PENNYCOOK, A.; SULTANA, S. Popular Culture, Voice and Linguistic Diversity: Young Adults On- and Offline. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018.

DOVCHIN, S. Language, Social Media and Ideologies: Translingual Englishes, Facebook and Authenticities. Cham, CH: Springer, 2019.

GARCÍA, O.; LI, W. Translanguaging: Language, Bilingualism, and Education. New York, NY: Palgrave MacMillan, 2014.

GARCÍA, O. Language Policy and Planning in Language Education: Legacies, Consequences, and Possibilities. The Modern Language Journal, v. 100, n. 1, p. 48-63, 2016.

GARCÍA, O.; JOHNSON, S. I.; SELTZER, K. The Translanguaging Classroom: Leveraging Student Bilingualism for Learning. Philadelphia, PA: Caslon, 2017.

GRAMLING, D. The Invention of Monolingualism. New York, NY: Bloomsbury, 2016.

GRAMLING, D. The Invention of Multilingualism. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2021.

HAMID, M. O.; RAHMAN, A. Language in Education Policy in Bangladesh: A Neoliberal Turn? In: KIRKPATRICK, A.; LIDDICOAT, A. J. (eds.). The Routledge International Handbook of Language Education Policy in Asia. New York, NY: Routledge, 2019, p. 382-398.

JASPERS, J.; MADSEN, L. M. Sociolinguistics in a Languagised World. Introduction. Applied Linguistics Review, v. 7, p. 235-258, 2016.

JASPERS, J.; MADSEN, L. M. (eds.). Critical Perspectives on Linguistic Fixity and Fluidity: languagised lives. New York, NY: Routledge, 2019.

JØRGENSEN, J. N. Languaging: Nine Years of Poly-Lingual Development of Young Turkish-Danish Grade School Students. Copenhagen, DK: University of Copenhagen, 2010. I-II v. (Copenhagen Studies in Bilingualism).

KHUBCHANDANI, L. M. Defining Mother Tongue Education in Plurilingual Contexts. Language Policy, v. 2, p. 239-254, 2003.

KOZINETS, R. V. Netnografia: realizando pesquisa etnográfica online. Translation Daniel Bueno. Porto Alegre, RS: Penso, 2014.

KOZINETS, R. V. Netnography: The Essential Guide to Qualitative Social Media Research. London, UK: Sage, 2020.

KUBOTA, R. The Multi/Plural Turn, Postcolonial Theory, and Neoliberal Multiculturalism. Applied Linguistics, v. 37, n. 4, p. 474-494, 2014.

LEFFA, V. Prefácio. In: NICOLAIDES, C.; SILVA, K. A.; TILIO, R.; ROCHA, C. H. (eds.). Políticas e políticas linguísticas. Campinas, SP: Pontes, 2013, p. 7-10.

LEWIS, M. P.; SIMONS, G. F.; FENNIG, C. D. (eds.). Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 19. ed. Dallas, TX: SIL International, 2016.

LI, W. Translanguaging as a Practical Theory of Language. Applied Linguistics, v. 39, n. 1, p. 9-30, 2018.

MACSWAN, J. A Multilingual Perspective on Translanguaging. American Educational Research Journal, v. 54, p. 167-201, 2017.

MAHER, T. M. Ecos de resistência: políticas linguísticas e línguas minoritárias no Brasil. In: NICOLAIDES, C.; SILVA, K. A.; TILIO, R.; ROCHA, C. H. (eds.). Políticas e políticas linguísticas. Campinas, SP: Pontes, 2013, p. 117-134.

MAKONI, S.; PENNYCOOK, A. Disinventing and Reconstituting Languages. In: MAKONI, S.; PENNYCOOK, A. (eds.). Disinventing and Reconstituting Languages. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters, 2007, p. 1-41.

MAKONI, S.; MAKONI, B.; ABDELHAY, A.; MASHIRI, P. Colonial and Postcolonial Language Policies in Africa: Historical and Emerging Landscapes. In: SPOLSKY, B. (ed.). The Cambridge Handbook of Language Policy. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2012, p. 523-543.

OTHEGUY, R.; GARCÍA, O.; REID, W. Clarifying Translanguaging and Deconstructing Named Languages: A Perspective from Linguistics. Applied Linguistics Review, v. 6, n. 3, p. 281-307, 2015.

OTSUJI, E.; PENNYCOOK, A. Metrolingualism: Fixity, Fluidity and Language in Flux. International Journal of Multilingualism, v. 3, n. 7, p. 240-254, 2010.

PAVLENKO, A. Superdiversity and why it isn’t: Reflections on Terminological Innovation and Academic Branding. In: SCHMENK, B.; BREIDBACH, S.; L. KÜSTER (eds.). Sloganization in Language Education Discourse: Conceptual Thinking in the Age of Academic Marketization. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters, 2018, p. 142-168.

PENNYCOOK, A. Language as a Local Practice. New York, NY: Routledge, 2010.

PENNYCOOK, A.; MAKONI, S. Innovations and Challenges in Applied Linguistics from the Global South. London, UK: Routledge, 2020.

PENNYCOOK, A.; OTSUJI, E. Lingoing and Everyday Metrolingual Metalanguage. In: JASPER, J.; MADSEN, L. M. (eds.). Critical Perspectives on Linguistic Fixity and Fluidity: languagised Lives. New York, NY: Routledge, 2019, p. 76-96.

RAHMAN, M. M.; ISLAM, M. S.; KARIM, A.; CHOWDHURY, T. A.; RAHMAN, M. M.; SERAJ, P. M. I.; SINGH, M. K. English Language Teaching in Bangladesh Today: Issues, Outcomes and Implications, Language Testing in Asia, v. 9, p. 1-14, 2019.

RAMPTON, B. Crossing: Language and Ethnicity among Adolescents. London, UK: Longman, 1995.

ROCHA, C. H.; MACIEL, R. F. Ensino de língua estrangeira como prática translíngue: articulações com teorizações bakhtinianas. D.E.L.T.A., São Paulo, v. 31, n. 2, p. 41-445, 2015.

SCHIFFMAN, H. Linguistic Culture and Language Policy. London, UK: Routledge, 1996.

SELTZER, K. “My English is its Own Rule”: Voicing a Translingual Sensibility Through Poetry. Journal of Language, Identity & Education, v. 19, n. 5, p. 1-14, 2020.

SHOHAMY, E. Language Policy: Hidden Agendas and New Approaches. London, UK: Routledge, 2006.

SPOLSKY, B. Language Policy. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

SPOLSKY, B. (ed.). The Cambridge Handbook of Language Policy. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

TUPAS, R. Inequalities of Multilingualism: Challenges to Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education. Language and Education, v. 29, n. 2, p. 112-124, 2015.

UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). Why Language Matters for the Millennium Development Goals. Bangkok, TH: UNESCO, 2012.

VERTOVEC, S. Super-Diversity and its Implications. Ethnic and racial studies, v. 29, n. 6, p. 1024-1054, 2007.

YOUNG, C.; IGCALINOS, T. Language-in-Education Policy Development in the Philippines. In: KIRKPATRICK, A.; LIDDICOAT, A. J. (ed.). The Routledge International Handbook of Language Education Policy in Asia. New York, NY: Routledge, 2019, p. 165-184.

ZOLIN-VESZ, F. Gusta me mucho: enunciados des/reterritorializados e a concepção de língua. Linguagem & Ensino, v. 19, n. 1, p. 217-228, 2016.