prácticas de asistencia al parto y nacimiento durante la pandemia de COVID-19
revisión sistemática de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35699/2316-9389.2025.55843Palabras clave:
COVID-19, Enfermería Maternoinfantil, Enfermería Obstétrica, Parto, Parto Humanizado, Parto Obstétrico, Recién NacidoResumen
Objetivo: identificar en la literatura cuáles fueron las prácticas obstétricas utilizadas durante el período de la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: se trata de una revisión sistemática de literatura. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos Pubmed (MEDLINE) y Embase, con el período de 2020 a 2024, siguiendo las directrices PRISMA. Se encontraron 2,505 referencias en la búsqueda inicial y, tras revisar, se incluyeron 14 estudios en la síntesis narrativa usando la metodología Synthesis Without Meta-Analysis (SWiM). Resultados: los estudios indicaron que, durante la pandemia, hubo un aumento en la implementación de prácticas recomendadas en el parto, como oferta de dieta y métodos no farmacológicos para alivio del dolor. Las intervenciones no recomendadas, como el uso de episiotomía y oxitocina, disminuyeron significativamente. Sin embargo, las tasas de cesáreas permanecieron estables en la mayoría de los estudios, excepto en algunos casos donde hubo aumento, justificado por la búsqueda de mayor seguridad para la madre y el bebé. Conclusión: la pandemia de COVID-19 impactó significativamente la organización de la asistencia a la gestante, a la parturienta y al recién nacido. En varios contextos internacionales, se notó que se adoptaron intervenciones obstétricas que se consideran innecesarias. Esto resalta la importancia de seguir concienciando a los profesionales que trabajan en la atención obstétrica y perinatal. Se torna esencial fortalecer estrategias que favorezcan la autonomía de la mujer y su participación activa como sujeto central en el cuidado de la salud.
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Referencias
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