Poner partes animales en humanos
un análisis político
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53981/destrocos.v6i2.61076Palabras clave:
biopolítica, xenotrasplante, animales, humanizaciónResumen
Los roles de los animales—en particular, los cerdos y los primates no humanos—en la xenotrasplantación revelan dinámicas éticas y simbólicas complejas. Los primates no humanos, debido a su proximidad cognitiva con los seres humanos, fueron progresivamente situados como receptores y no como fuentes de órganos, reflejando una “mejora jerárquica” ética. Los cerdos, modificados genéticamente para proveer órganos, encarnan un estatus ambiguo: altamente alienados mediante la manipulación biotecnológica y el confinamiento estéril, como “biocapital” mercantilizado e insertado en lógicas de mercado. Su “humanización”, más allá de una alteración genética, también implica ocupar el lugar de los humanos, aunque en un rol diferente al de sus contrapartes primates. La connotación ética de esto puede beneficiar a esos animales a largo plazo. Reconocer la alteridad animal—no simplemente como cuerpos biológicos, sino como sujetos intencionales—como, por ejemplo, lo sugiere la metafísica amerindia, reformula la comprensión de la identidad y de la práctica médica en medio de concepciones moleculares y semióticas de la vida. Estas consideraciones exigen una reflexión matizada sobre los límites entre naturaleza, cultura y especie en la biomedicina contemporánea.
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