The case of the Fazenda Braúna I archaeological site

analysis of a sertanejo historical site

Abstract

The historical occupation of the northeastern hinterland, in the Sítio Fazenda Braúna I region, is related to the colonization of the Bahian hinterland, especially the expansion of cattle corrals. This research is carried out in the municipality of Nordestina, Bahia and aimed to contribute to the understanding of the historical occupation in this location, which according to the official history dates back to 1937. The methodology included excavation and analysis of archaeological remains and interviews with local residents. The farm bordered the Itapicuru River with headquarters, a brickyard and a flour house, indicating a certain self-sufficiency of these country families. The construction of the farm dates back to the end of the 19th century, prior to official historiographical data. The excavation of 184 grid squares resulted in seven lithics, 695 ceramics, 247 crockeries, 459 glass, 115 metals and four wooden fragments. Many items for preparing food can be seen, such as pans, fragments of bowls and ceramic pots of local-regional production; fragments of plates, crockery cups and saucers, cutlery, drink bottles and glass medicine bottles. The variability of material culture points to a country economy with rural autonomy, even with the presence of objects produced in the Southeast, indicating an interest in the modernity of the time.