Políticas energéticas na Rússia: da terapia do choque à renacionalização parcial (1991-2008)

Abstract

The Russian position in energy sector is fundamental to the understanding of global geopolitics. Moscow has a great range of action in this field. However, a long process of transformation and struggles - throughout the 1990s and 2000s - was necessary for the establishment of this power in a cohesive and summarily directed manner. Thus, the objective of this work is highlight the trajectory of development in the energy sector and its innumerable changes that occurred in post-Soviet Russia. To do so, primarily, the period led by Boris Yeltsin, marked by the country’s quest to enter the world economy and to transform itself into a full market economy - through the so-called “Shock Therapy”. Secondly, the Putin administration’s renationalization of the energy sector and its measures to centralize and intensify sector control by the state were addressed. As a result, could be recorded in the Yeltsin period no effective policies were put in place to promote state interests or national oil and gas production. Putin, in turn, has carried out a series of measures to control the sector, such as: strikes against oil oligarchs, fiscal reforms, the implementation of a sovereign fund and partial renationalization of the sector.