This work is part of the doctoral research that has as object morality, abortion and justice in Brazil. An analysis of the arguments mobilized in the disputes about abortion legislation indicates that, in addition to the moral struggles surrounding the principles of autonomy and inviolability of life, demographic management and its biopolitical implications are central to issues involving human reproduction. In this text some of the main elements will be presented and discussed, which are often hidden by the spectacular and controversial way in which abortion is treated in the country.