The Magic Tumbler for the Plague
Alicornand its Medical-Occult Uses in 16th-17th Century Jewish Literature
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35699/1982-3053.2020.21725Palavras-chave:
Alicorno, Unicórnio, PragaResumo
Várias fontes judaicas médicas e religiosas do século 16-17 da Terra de Israel mencionam uma substância chamada “alicorno”. Este estudo discute a identificação da substância, suas origens e usos médicos, de acordo com a literatura judaica. Acreditava-se que a alicorno, extraída da presa do narval, o unicórnio do mar, era retirada do chifre do unicórnio. Ela era vista como possuidora de propriedades mágicas e acreditava-se que tinha o poder de curar uma grande variedade de doenças, principalmente para neutralizar venenos. Fontes médicas da região de Israel mencionam os dois principais usos do narval: como um cálice com qualidades sobrenaturais para beber água ou poções e como um pó medicinal originário de um osso raspado.
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Referências
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FRAZER, James. Lectures on the Early History of the Kingship. London: Macmillan, 1905.
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PLUSKOWSKI, A. Narwhals or Unicorns? Exotic Animals as Material Culture in Medieval Europe. European Journal of Archaeology 7[3], (2004), p. 291–313.
SCHOENBERGER, Guido. A Goblet of Unicorn Horn. ˆ 9[10] (1951), p. 284-288.
SCHOLFIELD, Alwyn Faber (ed. and trans.). Aelian. De natura animalium. The Loeb Classical Library. London: Heinemann, 1958-1959.
SHEFER-MOSSENSOHN, Miri. A Historiography of Epidemics in the Islamic Mediterranean. In: Varlik N. (Ed.). Plague and Contagion in the Islamic Mediterranean: New Histories of Disease in the Ottoman Society, Kalamazoo: Arc Humanities Press, 2017. p. 3-26.
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SHEMESH, Abraham O. Medical Materials in Medieval and Modern Jewish Literature: Pharmacology, History and Halakha. Ramat Gan: Bar Ilan University Press, 2013.
SHEPARD, Odell. The Lore of the Unicorn. New York: Dover Publications, 2003.
TERANI Moses ben Yosef. Mabit Responsa. Venice: Kalioni, 1629.
ZIMMER, Carl. The Mystery of the Sea Unicorn. National Geographic (March 17, 2014). https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/phenomena/2014/03/18/the-mystery-of-the-sea-unicorn/ (accessed 15.10.2019)
BEN NACHAMAN, Moses. 1928. Chiddushei Ramban on Tractate Rosh HaShanah. Jerusalem: Or Olam.
BENAYAHU, Meir. 1991. Yosef My Chosen. Jerusalem: Yad Harav Nissim, 1991.
BUCHMAN, Yael. Aspects of Material Culture, Realia and Medicine in the Works of Rabbi Hayyim Vital (1543-1620). PhD. Thesis. Ramat Gan: Bar Ilan University, 2002.
BUCHMAN Yael. Life in the Shadow of the Plague. Jerusalem and Eretz-Israel 2 (2004), p. 51–75.
BUCHMAN, Yael; AMAR, Zohar. Practical Medicine of Rabbi Chayyim Vital (1543-1620): Healer in the Land of Israel and Vicinity. Jerusalem: Unit of the History of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, 2007.
DENIS, Alfred Godley (Trans.). Herodotus. The Histories. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1926.
DIMITROVSKY, Ḥaim. Z. A Dispute Between our Master Rabbi Yosef Karo and Rabbi Moses ben Joseph of Trani. Sfunot 6 (1962), p. 71-123.
DUFFIN, Cristopher. J. 'Fish', Fossil and Fake: Medicinal Unicorn Horn. In: DUFFIN, Cristopher J.; GARDNER-THORPE Cristopher; MOODY Richard T. J. Geology and Medicine: Historical Connections. London: The Geological Society, 2017. p. 211-260.
FOTHERINGHAM, Brian. The Unicorn and Its Influence on Pharmacy and Medicine. Pharmacy History Australia 10 (2000), p. 3–7.
FRAZER, James. Lectures on the Early History of the Kingship. London: Macmillan, 1905.
FRAZER, James G. The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion. New York: Macmillan, 1943.
HAMARNEH, Sami. Sources and Development of Arabic Medical Therapy and Pharmacology. Sudhoffs Archive 54 (1970), p. 30-48.
HARARI, Yuval. Jewish Magic Plates in the Modern Period: From the Islamic World to Israel. Pe'amim 110 (2007), p. 55-84.
HARARI, Yuval. Early Jewish Magic: Study, Method, Sources. Jerusalem: Mossad Bialik, Yad Yitzhak Ben-Zvi; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2010.
HASSELQUIST, Fredrik. Voyages and Travels in the Levant in the Years 1749, 50, 51, 52: Containing Observations in Natural History, Physick, Agriculture and Commerce: Particularly on the Holy Land and the Natural History of the Scriptures. London: L. Davis and C. Reymers, 1776.
HAY, Keith A.; MANSFIELD Arthur W. Narwhal, Monodon Monoceros Linnaeus, 1758. In RIDGWAY Sam H.; HARRISON Richard J. (Ed.). Handbook of Marine Mammals, Volume 4: River Dolphins and the Larger Toothed Whales. London: Academic Press, 1989. p. 145–176.
HORT, Arthur. F. (Trans.). Theophrastus. Enquiry into Plants. Loeb Classical Library. London and New York: William Heinemann and G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1916.
JACKSON, William. The Use of Unicorn Horn in Medicine. Pharmaceutical Journal 273 (2004), p. 925-927.
JOHNSGARD Paul A. & JOHNSGARD Karin. Dragons and Unicorns: A Natural History. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1982.
JONES, Horace Leonard (Trans.). Strabo. Geography. The Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1989.
KARO, Yosef. Avkat Rochel Responsa. Salonica: Mordechai and David, 1791.
KEMP, Betty. Sir Francis Dashwood's Diary of His Visit to St Petersburg in 1733. The Slavonic and East European Review 38[90] (1959), p. 194-222.
LEV, Efraim. Medicinal Substances in Jerusalem in the 10th-18th Centuries. In: AMAR Zhoar; LEV Efraim. (Ed.). Physicians, Drugs, and Remedies in Jerusalem from the 10th to the 18th Century. Tel Aviv: Eretz, 2000.
LEV, Efraim. Medicinal Substances of the Medieval Levant. Tel Aviv: Eretz. 2002.
LEVEY, Martin. Substitute Drugs in Early Arabic Medicine. Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, 1971.
MACDONALD, David. W. (Ed.). The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
MEAD, James.G.; BROWNELL Robert L. Jr. Family Monodontidae. In: WILSON Don E.; REEDER, Dee Ann. M. (Ed.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005.
MILLER, Dean. Legendary Creatures and Monsters. New York: Cavendish Square, 2014.
MOLCHO, Itzhaq R. Rabbi Moses ben Joseph of Trani HaMabit: One of the First Builders of the Galilee and His Time. In: ELMALIACH A. (Ed.). Hemdat Israel. Jerusalem: Misgav la-Dach, 1946. p. 147-156.
MUSAYOF MANUSCRIPT, n. 228, Ben Zvi Institute film no. 2675.
NICHOLS, Andrew G. (Trans. and Commentary). Ctesias. On India and Fragments of His Minor Works. London: Bloomsbury, 2011.
PLUSKOWSKI, A. Narwhals or Unicorns? Exotic Animals as Material Culture in Medieval Europe. European Journal of Archaeology 7[3], (2004), p. 291–313.
SCHOENBERGER, Guido. A Goblet of Unicorn Horn. ˆ 9[10] (1951), p. 284-288.
SCHOLFIELD, Alwyn Faber (ed. and trans.). Aelian. De natura animalium. The Loeb Classical Library. London: Heinemann, 1958-1959.
SHEFER-MOSSENSOHN, Miri. A Historiography of Epidemics in the Islamic Mediterranean. In: Varlik N. (Ed.). Plague and Contagion in the Islamic Mediterranean: New Histories of Disease in the Ottoman Society, Kalamazoo: Arc Humanities Press, 2017. p. 3-26.
SHEMESH, Abraham O. Deceits and Forgeries in Ancient Food Industry According to Rabbinical Literature: Reality and Legal Aspects. Jewish Law Association Studies, XVIII (2008). p. 244–262.
SHEMESH, Abraham O. Medical Materials in Medieval and Modern Jewish Literature: Pharmacology, History and Halakha. Ramat Gan: Bar Ilan University Press, 2013.
SHEPARD, Odell. The Lore of the Unicorn. New York: Dover Publications, 2003.
TERANI Moses ben Yosef. Mabit Responsa. Venice: Kalioni, 1629.
ZIMMER, Carl. The Mystery of the Sea Unicorn. National Geographic (March 17, 2014). https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/phenomena/2014/03/18/the-mystery-of-the-sea-unicorn/ (accessed 15.10.2019)
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Publicado
2020-06-03
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Ofir Shemesh, A. . (2020). The Magic Tumbler for the Plague: Alicornand its Medical-Occult Uses in 16th-17th Century Jewish Literature. Arquivo Maaravi: Revista Digital De Estudos Judaicos Da UFMG, 14(26), 149–162. https://doi.org/10.35699/1982-3053.2020.21725
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