Methodological framework for proposing knowledge management models

Abstract

Knowledge management is a contemporary and important approach for the development of any organization, as it provides a broad view of processes, allowing them to be integrated in an organized way in different institutions. Knowledge management models help organizations that want to implement them to develop along this path, signposting the way and inspiring parameters to be followed. Although there is a diversity of knowledge management models in various areas, there is a lack of methodological tools to guide the construction or adaptation of a model. In view of this gap, this research proposes a methodological framework for developing knowledge management models in Information Science. Specifically, we sought to: (i) identify the knowledge management models developed between 2014 and 2023 and their applications; (ii) identify methods, techniques and dimensions used in the construction of knowledge management models and (iii) organize, analyze and systematize guidelines and dimensions to propose a methodological framework for the development of knowledge management models in the field of Information Science. The research is characterized as descriptive, exploratory and applied, divided into three stages, one for each specific objective, and used the techniques of bibliographical research and content analysis. As a result, in the first stage a literature review was carried out, using a structured protocol, which made it possible to identify the knowledge management models of the last ten years (2014-2023) as well as their applications. Of the 502 documents retrieved, 59 studies were selected and analyzed in order to identify the objectives, the methodology used to build the model, the main results and the critical success factors based on Heisig (2009). The second stage presented the types of procedures used to build the models, such as: bibliographical research and literature review, documentary research, case studies and focus groups, as well as the different methodological instruments, such as interviews, questionnaires, forms, secondary sources and statistical analysis. The analysis techniques - qualitative, quantitative and quali-quanti, and dimensions - were also mapped in order to identify the methods, techniques and dimensions used to build the models, in order to support the development of the proposed methodological framework. The limitations of these stages include the lack of detail in some models, with very generic, superficial information and abstract stages. Finally, in the third stage, the framework called ARCGC was presented, consisting of four phases: I. getting to know the institution; II. developing, aggregating and sharing; III. using and evaluating; and IV. preserving and storing. The ARCGC is a useful, guiding and facilitating instrument for those who wish to propose or adapt a knowledge management model, regardless of the field of application. The contribution of this work consists of delivering a methodological framework as an innovative and relevant instrument for the field by providing a support structure to guide the construction of models. Its proper implementation can mitigate challenges in organizational management, fostering innovation in a practical and applied way. For future work, we suggest applying the ARCGC to different organizations, both public and private.