Factors associated with infection in groups with clinical risk conditions for complications from covid-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5935/1415-2762-20210054Keywords:
Coronavirus Infections, Risk Factors, PandemicsAbstract
Objective: to analyze the risk factors associated with COVID-19 infection in groups with clinical risk conditions for the development of complications from the disease. Method: this is a retrospective census study with data from rapid tests for COVID-19 carried out in Fast Track Basic Health Units in Teresina-Piauí, between April 26 and July 15, 2020. Information from 16,449 individuals was analyzed through a standard form and, in case of a positive test, also notification forms for influenza syndrome suspected of having a disease caused by the coronavirus 2019 we analyzed. For statistical analysis, the Statistical Package for Social Science, version 22.0, was used. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Universidade Federal do Piauí. Results: 22.30% of those
investigated had some risk factor for the development of complications by COVID-19. There was a statistically significant association between the test result for COVID-19 and cardiac risk factor (p=0.020), diabetes mellitus (p=0.000), arterial hypertension (p=0.000), smoking (p=0.013), and dyslipidemia (p=0.028). As for the approach adopted because of the positive results for COVID-19,
an association was detected with the variables risk factor (p=0.000), cardiac risk factor (p=0.000), diabetes mellitus (p=0.000), and obesity (p =0.003). Possessing a risk factor, heart problem, diabetes, or obesity was associated with the severity of COVID-19, represented by the conduct of referral to the emergency department. Conclusion: The study provides a comprehensive reference of information
in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the capital of Piauí. It is believed that it will support the development of control actions, especially among those at risk for complications from the disease.
Downloads
References
Ministério da Saúde (BR). Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde.
Guia de Vigilância Epidemiológica: Emergência de Saúde Pública
de Importância Nacional pela Doença pelo Coronavírus 2019.
Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2020[citado em 2020 dez. 12].
Disponível em: https://portalarquivos.saude.gov.br/images/af_
gvs_coronavirus_6ago20_ajustes-finais-2.pdf
World Health Organization (WHO). Responding to community spread
of COVID19: interim guidance. Geneve: WHO; 2020[citado em 2020
abr. 06]. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/publicationsdetail/
responding-to-community-spread-of-COVID-19
Ministério da Saúde (BR). Secretaria de Atenção Primária à Saúde.
Departamento de Ações Programáticas e Estratégicas. Nota Informativa
nº 13/2020 - SE/GAB/SE/MS. Manual de Recomendações para a
Assistência à Gestante e Puérpera frente à Pandemia de Covid-19.
Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2020[citado em 2021 fev. 12]. Disponível
em: http://antigo.saude.gov.br/images/pdf/2020/September/02/
Manual-de-Recomenda----es-para-Gestante.pdf
Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Piauí (BR). Painel Epidemiológico Covid-
- 2021[citado em 2021 mar. 30]. Disponível em: https://datastudio.
google.com/reporting/a6dc07e9-4161-4b5a-9f2a-6f9be486e8f9/
page/2itOB
Ministério da Saúde (BR). Diretrizes para diagnóstico e tratamento
da COVID-19. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2020[citado em
abr. 14]. Disponível em: http://portalarquivos.saude.gov.br/
images/pdf/2020/April/10/Diretrizes-covid-V2-9.4.pdf
Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological
and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus
pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020[citado
em 2020 dez. 12];395(10223):507-13. Disponível em: https://doi.
org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7
Magalhães JJF, Mendes RPG, Silva CTA, Silva SJR, Guarines KM,
Pena L, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the
first 557 successive patients with COVID-19 in Pernambuco state,
Northeast Brazil. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020[citado em 2020
dez. 19];38:101884. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
tmaid.2020.101884
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Pesquisa
Nacional de Saúde: 2019 - atenção primária à saúde e informações
antropométricas. Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE; 2020[citado em
mar. 30]. Disponível em: https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/
visualizacao/livros/liv101758.pdf
Silva AWC, Cunha AA, Alves GC, Corona RA, Dias CAGM, Nassiri
R, et al. Caracterização clínica e epidemiologia de 1560 casos
de COVID-19 em Macapá/AP, extremo norte do Brasil. Res Soc
Develop 2020[citado em 2020 dez. 20]; 9(8):e150985499.
Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i8.5499
Rosa MFP, Silva WNT, Carvalho WRG, Oliveira SV. Epidemiologia
da COVID-19 em Uberlândia (MG): análise preliminar do impacto
do grau de abertura comercial. J. Health NPEPS. 2020[citado
em 2020 dez. 20];5(2):20-41. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.
org/10.30681/252610104844
Guan W, Ni Z, Hu Y, Liang W, Ou C, He J, et al. Clinical Characteristics
of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020[citado
em 2020 dez. 22];382(18):1708-20. Disponível em: https://doi.
org/10.1056/NEJMoa2002032
Adhikari SP, Meng S, Wu Y, Mao Y, Ye R, Wang Q, et al. Epidemiology,
causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention and control
of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early outbreak
period: a scoping review. Infect Dis Poverty. 2020[citado em
dez. 22];9(1):29. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1186/
s40249-020-00646-x
Zaki N, Alashwal H, Ibrahim S. Association of hypertension,
diabetes, stroke, cancer, kidney disease, and high-cholesterol with
COVID-19 disease severity and fatality: a systematic review. Diab
Metab Syndr. 2020[citado em 2020 dez. 29];14(5):1133-42.
Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.005
Fang L, Karakiulakis G, Roth M. Are patients with hypertension and
diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection? Lancet
Respir Med. 2020[citado em 2020 dez. 23];8(4):e21. Disponível
em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30116-8
Zyl-Smit RN, Richards G, Leone FT. Tobacco smoking and
COVID-19 infection. Lancet Respir Med. 2020[citado em 2020
dez. 28];8(7):664-5. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/
S2213-2600(20)30239-3
Hariyanto TI, Kurniawan A. Dyslipidemia is associated with severe
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Diab Metab Syndr.
[citado em 2020 dez. 29];14(5):1463-5. Disponível em:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.054
Tall AR, Yvan-Charvet L. Cholesterol, inflammation and innate
immunity. Nat Rev Immunol. 2015[citado em 2020 dez. 30];15(2):104-
Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3793
Dietz W, Santos-Burgoa C. Obesity and its Implications for COVID-
Mortality. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2020[citado em 2021 jan.
;28(6):1005. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22818
Muniyappa R, Gubbi S. COVID-19 pandemic, coronaviruses, and
diabetes mellitus. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2020[citado
em 2021 jan. 07];318(5):E736-41. Disponível em: https://doi.
org/10.1152/ajpendo.00124.2020
Momtazmanesh S, Shobeiri P, Hanaei S, Mahmoud-Elsayed H,
Dalvi B, Rad EM. Cardiovascular disease in COVID-19: a systematic
review and meta-analysis of 10,898 patients and proposal of
a triage risk stratification tool. Egypt Heart J. 2020[citado em
jan. 10];72:41. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1186/
s43044-020-00075-z
Robinson E, Boyland E, Chisholm A, Harrold J, Maloney NG,
Marty L, et al. Obesity, eating behavior and physical activity during
COVID-19 lockdown: a study of UK adults. Appetite. 2021[citado
em 2021 jan. 12];156:104853. Disponível em: https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.appet.2020.104853
Albashir AAD. The potential impacts of obesity on COVID-19.
Clin Med (Lond). 2020[citado em 2021 jan. 12];20(4):e109-13.
Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmed.2020-0239
Espinosa OA, Zanetti AS, Antunes EF, Longhi FG, Matos TA, Battaglini
PF. Prevalence of comorbidities in patients and mortality cases affected
by SARS-CoV2: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Inst Med
Trop Sao Paulo. 2020[citado em 2021 jul. 17];62:e43. Disponível em:
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-9946202062043
Paules CI, Marston HD, Fauci AS. Coronavirus Infections-more than just
the common cold. JAMA. 2020[citado em 2021 fev. 02];323(8):707-8.
Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.0757
Borges GM, Crespo CD. Aspectos demográficos e socioeconômicos
dos adultos brasileiros e a COVID-19: uma análise dos grupos de
risco a partir da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2013. Cad Saúde
Pública. 2020[citado em 2021 fev. 08];36(10):e00141020.
Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00141020
Antunes BBP, Peres IT, Baião FA, Ranzani OT, Bastos LSL, Silva
AAB, et al. Progressão dos casos confirmados de COVID-19 após
implantação de medidas de controle. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva.
[citado em 2021 fev. 08];32(2):213-23. Disponível em:
Links
Facebook
Instagram
Twitter
