Obstáculos para a uma mobilidade urbana autônoma
uma análise a partir da perspectiva humana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35699/2965-6931.2023.46814Palavras-chave:
mobilidade 4.0, interação humano-máquina, inteligência artificialResumo
Ao longo de séculos de desenvolvimento tecnológico, foi possível ao ser humano criar e desenvolver novas ferramentas que suprimissem necessidades de mobilidade dentro e fora do ambiente urbano. Diversas tecnologias estão sendo convergidas para a criação de um novo tipo de mobilidade: a Mobilidade 4.0. O presente artigo objetiva discutir os principais obstáculos para a implementação da Mobilidade 4.0 nos centros urbanos e seus impactos a partir da perspectiva humana. Para tal, foi feita uma revisão e análise da bibliografia já publicada sobre este tema e seus relacionados. Conclui-se que a Mobilidade 4.0 ainda é um cenário distante da realidade por limitações das tecnologias-base e postura dos seres humanos frente ao próprio sistema de trânsito, automação ou dilemas éticos e morais.
Referências
ABUELSAMID, Sam. Tesla autopilot fatality shows why lidar and v2v will be necessary for autonomous cars. Revista Forbes. Jul. 2016. Disponível em: <https://www.forbes.com/sites/samabuelsamid/2016/07/01/first-tesla-autopilot-fatality-demonstrates-why-lidar-and-v2v-probably-will-be-necessary/#56cd5b892d91>. Acesso em: 27 out. 2019.
AUGÉ, Marc. Por uma antropologia da mobilidade. Limeiras: EDUFAL, 2010. 109p.
AZMAT, Muhammad. Impact of autonomous vehicles on urban mobility. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Curso de Mestrado em Supply Chain Management, Institut Für Transportwirtschaft Und Logistik, Vienna University Of Economics And Business, Vienna, 2015. Disponível em: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281243480_IMPACT_OF_AUTONOMOUS_VEHICLES_ON_URBAN_MOBILITY. Acesso em: 29 mar. 2020.
BANYAI PEREIRA, S.; DIAS BOTELHO, R. Factores humanos, inteligencia artificial y autos autónomos: Perspectivas para una implementación compleja. Revista de Ciencia y Tecnología, [S. l.], v. 36, n. 1, p. 61–69, 2021. DOI: 10.36995/j.recyt.2021.36.008. Disponível em: https://www.fceqyn.unam.edu.ar/recyt/index.php/recyt/article/view/648. Acesso em: 24 sep. 2022.
BARBOSA, Lucicleide L. Trânsito como espaço social: personalidades e comportametos. Psicologia.pt – O Portal dos Psicólogos. p. 1-9, 2018. Disponível em: <https://www.psicologia.pt/artigos/textos/A1185.pdf>. Acesso em 9 dez. 2019.
BROOKS, David. O animal social: a história de como o sucesso acontece. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, 2014. 496p.
CAMPANA, Julia R.; QUARESMA, Manuela. The Importance of Specific Usability Guidelines for Robot User Interfaces. In: MARCUS, Aaron; WANG, Wentao (ed.). Design, User Experience, and Usability: designing pleasurable experiences. Designing Pleasurable Experiences. v.10289. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science - Part II). Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Design, User Experience, and Usability, DUXU 2017.Vancouver: Springer, 2017. p. 471-483.
DAVIES, Alex; MARSHALL, Aarian. Are We There Yet? A Reality Check on Self-Driving Cars. Revista Wired. Abr. 2019. Disponível em: <https://www.wired.com/story/future-of-transportation-self-driving-cars-reality-check/>. Acesso em: 14 out. 2019.
DOGSON, Lindsay. Why Mercedes plans to let its self-driving cars kill pedestrians in dicey situations. Business Insider. Out. 2016. Disponível em <https://www.businessinsider.com/mercedes-benz-self-driving-cars-programmed-save-driver-2016-10/?r=nordic>. Acesso em: 28 jan. 2020.
ENDSLEY, Mica R. Automation and situation awareness. In: PARASURMAN, R.; MOULOUA, M., (Ed.). Automation and human performance: theory and applications. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1996. p.163-181.
FAGNANT, Daniel, J.; KOCKELMAN, Kara, M. Preparing a nation for autonomous vehicles: Opportunities, barriers and policy recommendations. ENO Center for Transportation. Washington – DC. 2013. Disponível em: <https://www.enotrans.org/etl-material/preparing-a-nation-for-autonomous-vehicles-opportunities-barriers-and-policy-recommendations/>. Acesso em: 15 out. 2018.
FOLCHER, Vivian; RABARDEL, Pierre. Homens, artefatos, atividades: perspectiva instrumental. In: FALZON, P. Ergonomia. São Paulo: Blucher, 2007, p. 207-222.
FLORIDI, Luciano. The 4th revollution: How the infosphere is reshaping human reality. Nova Iorque: Oxford Press, 2014. 264p.
FLÜGGE, Barbara. Introduction. In: FLÜGGE, B. (ed.). Smart Mobility – Connecting Everyone, Gewerbestr: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. 2017, cap. 1, p. 1-3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-15622-0_1
FLÜGGE, Barbara; PFRIEMER, Heinrich. Impact of Smart Mobility on Existing Sectors. Smart Mobility – Connecting Everyone, [s.I], p. 85, 2017. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden.
HANCOCK, Peter A. et al. Human-automation interaction research: past, present, and future. Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications, [s.l.], v. 21, n. 2, p. 9–14, abr. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1177/1064804613477099.
HERMANN, Mario; PENTEK, Tobias; OTTO, Boris. Design Principles for Industrie 4.0 Scenarios: A Literature Review. Working paper, p. 1-16, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2016.488
HOC, Jean-Michel. Gestão da situação dinâmica. In: FALZON, P. Ergonomia. São Paulo: Blucher, 2007, p. 443-454.
HOFFMANN, Maria H. Comportamento do condutor e fenômenos psicológicos. Psicologia: Pesquisa & Trânsito, v. 1, n. 1, p.17-24, jul./dez. 2005.
HOHENBERGER, Christoph; SPÖRRLE, Matthias; WELPE, Isabell M.. How and why do men and women differ in their willingness to use automated cars? The influence of emotions across different age groups. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, [s.l.], v. 94, p.374-385, dez. 2016. Elsevier BV. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2016.09.022.
HOLLNAGEL, Erik. Human factors/ergonomics as a systems discipline? “The human use of human beings” revisited. Applied Ergonomics, [S.L.], v. 45, n. 1, p. 40-44, jan. 2014. Elsevier BV. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2013.03.024.
JANSSEN, Christian P. et al. History and future of human-automation interaction. International Journal Of Human-Computer Studies, [s.l.], v. 131, p. 99-107, nov. 2019. Elsevier BV. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2019.05.006.
JOHNSON, Jason D. et al. Type of automation failure: the effects on trust and reliance in automation. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, [s.l.], v.48, n. 18, p. 2163–2167, 1 set. 2004. https://doi.org/10.1177/154193120404801807.
JONES, Tim. Mobility – Change for the Good. In: FLÜGGE, B. (edit). Smart Mobility – Connecting Everyone. Wiesbaden: Springer Vieweg, 2017, p. 9-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-15622-0_2.
JORDAN, Michael I.; RUSSELL, Stuart. Computational intelligence. The MIT encyclopedia of the cognitive sciences. Cambridge: The MIT Press.1999, p.74-91
KABER, David B.. Issues in Human–Automation Interaction Modeling: presumptive aspects of frameworks of types and levels of automation. Journal Of Cognitive Engineering And Decision Making, [s.l.], v. 12, n. 1, p. 7-24, 19 out. 2017. SAGE Publications. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555343417737203.
LAPIDUS, L. V.; SHOROKHOVA, V. N.. Transformation of business models in the automotive industry in the context of the development of unmanned technologies. Intellect. Innovations. Investments, [S.L.], n. 2, p. 19-33, 2023. Orenburg State University. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2023-2-19.
LARICA, Neville J. Design de automóveis: a arte em função da mobilidade. 1.ed. Rio de Janeiro: 2AB/PUC-Rio, 2003. 216p.
LEE, John D. Review of a pivotal human factors article: “humans and automation: use, misuse, disuse, abuse”. Human Factors, [s.l.], v. 50, n 3, p. 404-410, 1 jun. 2008, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. https://doi.org/10.1518/001872008X288547.
MAGAGNIN, Renata C.; SILVA, Antônio N. R. A percepção do especialista sobre o tema mobilidade urbana. Transportes, [s.l.], v. 16, n. 1, p.25-35, 17 dez. 2008. Lepidus Tecnologia. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/transportes.v16i1.13.
MARÍN-LEÓN, Leticia; VIZZOTTO, Marília Martins. Comportamentos no trânsito: um estudo epidemiológico com estudantes universitários. Cad. Saúde Pública, Rio de Janeiro, v. 19, n. 2, p. 515-523, Apr. 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2003000200018.
MAURER, M. Introduction. In: MAURER, M.; GERDES, J. C.; Lenz, B.; WINNER, H. (Orgs) Autonomous Driving: technical, legal and social aspects. Berlin: Springer, 2016. cap. 1, p. 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48847-8_1.
MCBRIDE, Sarah; VANCE, Ashlee. Apple, Google, and Facebook Are Raiding Animal Research Labs. Bloomberg. Seção Hyperdrive. Jun. 2019. Disponível em: <https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2019-06-18/apple-google-and-facebook-are-raiding-animal-research-labs?srnd=hyperdrive>. Acesso em: 21 out. 2019.
MEDEIROS, E. L., et al. Estresse e comportamentos de risco no trânsito. Temas em Saúde, João Pessoa, v. 18 n. 1, p. 31-50, 2018. Disponível em: <http://temasemsaude.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/18103.pdf>. Acesso em: 09 dez. 2019.
MITREA, Oana; KYAMAKYA, Kyandoghere. (How) will autonomous driving influence the future shape of city logistics? Istrazivanja I Projektovanja Za Privredu, [S.L.], v. 15, n. 1, p. 45-52, 2017. Centre for Evaluation in Education and Science (CEON/CEES). http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jaes15-12178.
MIYASAKA, E. L. .; FABRICIO, M. M. .; PAOLETTI, I. . A Quarta Revolução Industrial no Brasil: Arquitetura, Engenharia e a Construção Civil. arq.urb, [S. l.], n. 25, p. 1–14, 2019. DOI: 10.37916/arq.urb.vi25.11. Disponível em: https://revistaarqurb.com.br/arqurb/article/view/11. Acesso em: 11 jun. 2023.
NORMAN, Donald. Design emocional. Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, 2008. 322p.
OSOSKY, Scott. et al. Determinants of system transparency and its influence on trust in and reliance on unmanned robotic systems. Proceedings Unmanned Systems Technology XVI, v. 9084 n.90840, p. 1-12, 3 jun. 2014. SPIE Digital Libary. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2050622.
PARASURAMAN, Raja; RILEY, Victor. Humans and Automation: use, misuse, disuse, abuse. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, [s.l.], v. 39, n. 2, p. 230-253, jun. 1997. SAGE Publications. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/001872097778543886.
PARIKH, Viken; JOSHI, Krina. Autonomous cars using embedded systems and spherical wheels. IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development. Mumbai, v. 5, n. 9, p. 146-150, Set. 2017.
PERASSO, Valeria. O que é a 4ª revolução industrial e como ela deve afetar nossas vidas. G1/BBC Brasil, [s.l.], Seção Economia. 22 out. 2016. Disponível em: <http://g1.globo.com/economia/negocios/noticia/2016/10/o-que-e-a-4a-revolucao-industrial-e-como-ela-deve-afetar-nossas-vidas.html>. Acesso em: 14 fev. 2020.
PEREIRA, S. B.; BOTELHO, R.D. Design de Interação: fatores humanos e os carros autônomos. Design e Tecnologia, v. 8, n. 16, p. 69-86, 31 dez. 2018.
PIAO, Jinan et al. Public Views towards Implementation of Automated Vehicles in Urban Areas. Transportation Research Procedia, [s.l.], v. 14, p.2168-2177, 2016. Elsevier BV. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2016.05.232.
PRAKKEN, Henry; SARTOR, Giovanni. Law and logic: A review from an argumentation perspective. Artificial Intelligence, [s.l.], v. 227, p.214-245, out. 2015. Elsevier BV. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2015.06.005.
REDSHAW, Sarah. In the company of cars: driving as a social and cultural practice (Human factors in road and rail transport). Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2008. 187p.
SCHANK, Roger. What is AI, anyway?. In: PARTRIDGE, D.; WILKS, Y. The foundations of artificial intelligence: a sourcebook. Nova Iorque: Cambridge University Press, 1990, p. 1-13.
SCHILLER, Preston L.. Automated and Connected Vehicles: High Tech Hope or Hype?. World Transport Policy And Practice, Church Stretton, v. 22, n. 3, p.28-44, out. 2016. Disponível em: <http://worldtransportjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/4th-Oct-opt.pdf>. Acesso em: 21 out. 2016.
SCHWAB, Katharine. Smart roads could protect us from self-driving cars crashes. Fast Company. Fev. 2018. Disponível em: <https://www.fastcompany.com/90160958/smart-roads-could-protect-us-from-self-driving-car-crashes >. Acesso em: 20 out. 2019.
SCHWAB, Klaus. A quarta revolução industrial. São Paulo: Edipro, 2016. 159 p.
RILEY, Victor. Operation reliance on automation: theory and data. In: PARASURMAN, R.; MOULOUA, M., (ed.). Automation and human performance: theory and applications. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1996. p. 19–35.
SILVA, Fernando Nunes da. Mobilidade urbana: os desafios do futuro. Cadernos Metrópole. [s.l.], v. 15, n. 30, p. 377-388, dez. 2013. ISSN 2236-9996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/17486.
SILVEIRA, Márcio Rogério; COCCO, Rodrigo Giraldi. Transporte público, mobilidade e planejamento urbano: contradições essenciais. Estudos Avançados. São Paulo, v. 27, n. 79, p. 41-53, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-40142013000300004.
SCHILLER, Preston L.. Automated and Connected Vehicles: High Tech Hope or Hype?. World Transport Policy And Practice, Church Stretton, v. 22, n. 3, p.28-44, out. 2016. Disponível em: <http://worldtransportjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/4th-Oct-opt.pdf>. Acesso em: 21 out. 2016.
TEIXEIRA, João de Fernandes. O que é inteligência artificial. São Paulo: Brasiliense, 1990. 76p.
TEIXEIRA, João de Fernandes. Mente, cérebro e cognição. 4 ed. Petrópolis: Editora Vozes, 2011. 167p.
ZHANG, Weixiong; DECHTER, Rina; KORF, Richard E.. Heuristic search in artificial intelligence. Artificial Intelligence, [s.l.], v. 129, n. 1-2, p.1-4, jun. 2001. Elsevier BV. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0004-3702(01)00111-4.
