Praticando metodologias para análises de conjuntura
abordando o capitalismo chinês
Mots-clés :
análise conjuntural, geografia econômica, economia política geográfica, metodologia, China, Área da Grande Baía Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau (AGB)Résumé
A análise conjuntural é uma prática um tanto enigmática, comumente observada ex post e em atos de exemplificação e, aparentemente, um tanto resistente à codificação e até mesmo muito sofisticada em termos de regras metodológicas. Baseadas na análise de "situações" politicamente relevantes, as abordagens conjunturais combinam a teorização reflexiva com a investigação socialmente engajada e modos de análise historicizados e enriquecidos pelo contexto. Ao explorar o potencial da análise conjuntural na geografia econômica, o artigo começa por destacar as implicações metodológicas dessa abordagem um pouco evasiva, incluindo: complexos estados de codeterminação causal, "em articulação"; uma orientação para modos de investigação relacionais e "não delimitados"; ênfases nos testes de estresse de postulados teóricos e categorias conceituais existentes, muitas vezes em situações anômalas (em oposição às "típicas"); e um compromisso com a reflexividade, com a análise contextualizada e com uma teorização "densa" [thick theorization]. Em segundo lugar, o artigo questiona essas disposições e proposições metodológicas, dialogando-as com o caso do capitalismo chinês. Esse é um caso que rotineiramente frustra e confunde as estruturas teóricas e categorias conceituais existentes, às vezes levando ao derrotismo teórico. Embora a análise conjuntural não seja metodologicamente prescritiva, ela implica critérios distintos para: a formulação de problemas e o projeto de pesquisa; a escolha e definição de estudos de casos; e a exposição e (re)construção de proposições teóricas contextualizadas.
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