Al-Yahudu: os arquivos do exílio babilônico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17851/1982-3053.13.25.104-120Palavras-chave:
Exílio babilônico, Judaítas, Al-YahuduResumo
Documentos cuneiformes provenientes de Al-Yahudu permitem reconsiderar a vida material e as condições sociais das comunidades judaítas exiladas na Babilônia entre a conquista do Reino de Judá por Nabucodonosor II e a época persa. Os contratos revelam, igualmente, alguns elementos interessantes das formulações e negociações identitárias, culturais e religiosas, em um ambiente multiétnico e multicultural. O quadro difere consideravelmente daquele dos relatos bíblicos.
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Referências
ABRAHAM, Kathleen. West Semitic and Judean brides in cuneiform sources from the sixth century BCE: new evidence from a marriage contract from Al-Yahudu. Archiv für Orientforschung, n. 51, p. 198-219, 2005-2006.
ABRAHAM, Kathleen. Negotiating marriage in multicultural Babylonia: an example from the Judean community in Al-Yahudu. In: STÖKL, Jonathan; WAERZEGGERS, Caroline (Ed.). Exile and Return. The Babylonian context. Berlin-Boston: De Gruyeter, 2015. p. 34-57.
ALBERTZ, Reiner. More and less than a myth: reality and significance of exile for the political, social, and religious history of Judah. In: AHN, John J.; MIDDLEMAS, Jill (Org.). By the irrigation canals of Babylon: approaches to the study of the exile. London-New York: T&T Clark, 2012. p. 20-33.
ALSTOLA, Tero Esko. Judeans merchants in Babylonia and their participation in long-distance trade. Welt des Orients, n. 47, 2017. p. 25-51.
ALSTOLA, Tero Esko. Judeans in Babylonia. A study of deportees in the sixty and fifth centuries BCE. Tese de Doutorado. Universidade de Leiden, 2018.
BARSTAD, Hans M. History and the Hebrew Bible. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2008.
BECKING, Bob. ‘We all returned as one!´: critical notes on the myth of the mass return. In: LIPSCHITS, Oded & OEMING, Manfred (Org.). Judah and the Judeans in the Persian period. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2006. p. 3-18.
BECKING, Bob. In Babylon: the exile as historical (re)construction. In: BECKING, Bob et alii (Org.). From Babylon to eternity. London: Equinox, 2009. p. 4-33.
BERLEJUNG, Angelika. Katastrophen und Katastrophenbewältigung im Alten Israel/Palästina, in Ägypten und im Alten Orient. In: BERLEJUNG, Angelika (Org.). Katastrophen und ihre Bewältigung.Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2012.
BERLEJUNG, Angelika. New life, new skills, and new friends in exile: the loss and rise of capitals of the Judeans in Babylonia. In: FINKELSTEIN, Israel et alii (Org.). Alphabets, texts and artefacts in the ancient Near East. Studies Presented to Benjamin Sass. Paris: Van Dieren, 2017. p. 12-46.
BLOCH, Yigal. Judeans in Sippar and Susa during the first century of the Babylonian Exile: assimilation and perseverance under Neo-Babylonian and Achaemenid Rule. Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History, 2014, 1(2), p. 119-172.
BLOCH, Yigal. From horse trainers to dependent workers: the shushanu class in the Late Babylonian Period, with a special focus on Al-Yahudu tablets. Kaskal. Rivista di Storia, ambienti e culture del Vicino Oriente Antico, n. 14, p. 91-118, 2017.
CARR, David M. Holy resilience. The Bible’s traumatic origins. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014.
DANDAMAEV, Muhammad A. Slavery. In: Freedman, D. N. Anchor Bible Dictionary. Vol. 6. New York: Doubleday, 1992. p. 58-65.
DANDAMAEV, Muhammad A. Slavery in Babylonia. Illinois: Northern Illinois University Press, 2009 [1984].
FAUST, Avraham. Judah in the Neo-Babylonian Period: the archaeology of desolation. Atlanta: SBL, 2012.
FINKELSTEIN, Israel. Jerusalem and Judah, 600-200 BCE. In: DUBOVSKY, Peter et alii (Org.). The fall of Jerusalem and the rise of the Torah. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2016. p. 3-18.
GEENEN, Elke M. Gesellschaftliche Verfuügung über Kapitalien und Vulnerabilität in konzeptioneller Perspektive. In: BERLEJUNG, Angelika. Katastrophen und Katastrophenbewältigung im Alten Israel/Palästina, in Ägypten und im Alten Orient. In: BERLEJUNG, Angelika (Org.). Katastrophen und ihre Bewältigung.Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2012. p. 41-65.
GLASSNER, Jean-Jacques. Chroniques mésopotamiennes. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1993.
JOANNÈS, Francis. Les phénomènes de fin d’archives en Mésopotamie. Revue d´Assyriologie et d´Archéologie Orientale, n. 89, p. 1-2; p. 139-147, 1995.
JOANNÈS, Francis. La fiscalité de la Babylonie achéménide. In: PERNA, Massimo (Org.). Fiscality in Mycenaean and Near Eastern Archives. Paris: De Boccard, 2006.
JOANNÈS, Francis; LEMAIRE, André. Contrats babyloniens d’époque achéménide du Bît-Abî Râm avec une épigraphie araméenne. Revue d´Assyriologie et d´Archéologie Orientale, n. 90, p. 41-60, 1996.
JURSA, Michael. Aspects of the economic history of Babylonia in the first millennium BC. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2010.
JURSA, Michael. Taxation and service obligations in Babylonia from Nebuchadnezzar to Darius and the evidence for Darius’ tax reform. In: ROLLINGER, Robert et alii (Org.). Herodot und das Persische Weltreich. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2011. p. 431-448.
JURSA, Michael. Labor in Babylonia in the first millennium BC. In: STEIKELLER, Piotr & HUDSON, Michael (Org.). Labor in the ancient world. Dresden: ISLET Verlag, 2015. p. 345-396.
LIVERANI, Mario. Assyria. The imperial mission. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns, 2017.
MAGDALENE, Rachel; WUNSCH, Cornelia. Slavery between Judah and Babylon: the exilic experience. In: CULBERTSON, Laura (Org.) Slaves and households in the Near East. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. 2011, p. 113-134.
PEARCE, Laurie E. Identifying Judeans and Judean identity in the Babylonian evidence. In: STÖKL, Jonathan; WAERZEGGERS, Caroline (Ed.). Exile and Return. The Babylonian context. Berlin-Boston: De Gruyeter, 2015. p. 7-32.
PEARCE, Laurie E. Cuneiform sources for Judeans in Babylonia in the Neo-Babylonian and Acahemenid periods: an overwiew. Religion Compass, n. 10/9, p. 230-243. 2016.
PEARCE, Laurie E.; WUNSCH, Cornelia. Documents of Judean exiles and West Semites in Babylonia in the collection of David Sofer. CUSAS, 28. Bethesda: CDL Press, 2014.
RADNER, Karen. The “Lost tribes of Israel” in the context of the resettlement programme of the Assyrian Empire. In: HASEGAWA, Shuichi et alii (Org.). The last days of the Kingdom of Israel. Berlin-Boston: Walter de Gruyeter, 2019. p. 101-123.
RÖMER, Thomas C. The so-called Deuteronomistic History. A sociological, historical and literary introduction. London-New York: T&T Clark, 2007.
ROM-SHILONI, Dalit. The untold stories: Al-Yahudu and or versus Hebrew Bible Babylonian compositions. Welt des Orient, n. 47/1, p. 124-34, 2017.
STOLPER, M. W. Entrepreneurs and empire. The Murashû archive, the Murashû firm, and the Persian rule in Babylonia. Istambul: Nederlands Historisch-Archaeolisch Instituut, 1985.
VAN DRIEL, Govert. Elusive silver. In search of a role for a market in an agrarian environment. Leiden, Nederlands Historisch-Archaeolisch Instituut, 2002.
WAERZEGGERS, Caroline, The Babylonian revolts against Xerxes and the 'end of archives'. Archiv für Orientforschung, n. 50, p. 150-173, 2003-2004.
WAERZEGGERS, Caroline. Locating contact in the Babylonian Exile: some reflections on tracing Judean-Babylonian encounters in cuneiform texts. In: GABBAY, Uri & SECUNDA, Shai (Org.). Encounters by the rivers of Babylon. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2014. p. 131-145.
WAERZEGGERS, Caroline. The network of resistance: archives and political action in Babylon before 484 BCE. In: WAERZEGGERS, Caroline; SEIRE, Maarja (org.), Xerxes and Babylonia: The Cuneiform Evidence. Leuven: Peeters, 2018. p. 89-133.
WEIDNER, Ernst Friedrich. Jojachin König von Juda in babylonischen Keilschrifttexten. Mélanges Syriens offerts à Monsieur René Dussaud par ses amis et élèves. v. 2. Paris: Geuthner, p. 923-935, 1939.
WUNSCH, Cornelia. Neo-Babylonian Entrepreneurs. In: LANDES, David S. et alii (Org.). The invention of enterprise. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010. p. 40-61.
WUNSCH, Cornelia. Glimpses on the lives of deportees in rural Babylonia. In: BERLEJUNG, Angelika; STRECK, Michael P. (Org.). Arameans, Chaldeans, and Arabs in Babylonia and Palestine in the First Millennium B.C. Leipziger Altorientalische Studien, 3. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2013.
ZADOK, Ran. People from countries West and North of Babylonia in Babylon during of reign of Nebuchadnezzar II. Hebrew Bible and Ancient Israel, n. 7, p. 112-129, 2018.
ABRAHAM, Kathleen. Negotiating marriage in multicultural Babylonia: an example from the Judean community in Al-Yahudu. In: STÖKL, Jonathan; WAERZEGGERS, Caroline (Ed.). Exile and Return. The Babylonian context. Berlin-Boston: De Gruyeter, 2015. p. 34-57.
ALBERTZ, Reiner. More and less than a myth: reality and significance of exile for the political, social, and religious history of Judah. In: AHN, John J.; MIDDLEMAS, Jill (Org.). By the irrigation canals of Babylon: approaches to the study of the exile. London-New York: T&T Clark, 2012. p. 20-33.
ALSTOLA, Tero Esko. Judeans merchants in Babylonia and their participation in long-distance trade. Welt des Orients, n. 47, 2017. p. 25-51.
ALSTOLA, Tero Esko. Judeans in Babylonia. A study of deportees in the sixty and fifth centuries BCE. Tese de Doutorado. Universidade de Leiden, 2018.
BARSTAD, Hans M. History and the Hebrew Bible. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2008.
BECKING, Bob. ‘We all returned as one!´: critical notes on the myth of the mass return. In: LIPSCHITS, Oded & OEMING, Manfred (Org.). Judah and the Judeans in the Persian period. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2006. p. 3-18.
BECKING, Bob. In Babylon: the exile as historical (re)construction. In: BECKING, Bob et alii (Org.). From Babylon to eternity. London: Equinox, 2009. p. 4-33.
BERLEJUNG, Angelika. Katastrophen und Katastrophenbewältigung im Alten Israel/Palästina, in Ägypten und im Alten Orient. In: BERLEJUNG, Angelika (Org.). Katastrophen und ihre Bewältigung.Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2012.
BERLEJUNG, Angelika. New life, new skills, and new friends in exile: the loss and rise of capitals of the Judeans in Babylonia. In: FINKELSTEIN, Israel et alii (Org.). Alphabets, texts and artefacts in the ancient Near East. Studies Presented to Benjamin Sass. Paris: Van Dieren, 2017. p. 12-46.
BLOCH, Yigal. Judeans in Sippar and Susa during the first century of the Babylonian Exile: assimilation and perseverance under Neo-Babylonian and Achaemenid Rule. Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History, 2014, 1(2), p. 119-172.
BLOCH, Yigal. From horse trainers to dependent workers: the shushanu class in the Late Babylonian Period, with a special focus on Al-Yahudu tablets. Kaskal. Rivista di Storia, ambienti e culture del Vicino Oriente Antico, n. 14, p. 91-118, 2017.
CARR, David M. Holy resilience. The Bible’s traumatic origins. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014.
DANDAMAEV, Muhammad A. Slavery. In: Freedman, D. N. Anchor Bible Dictionary. Vol. 6. New York: Doubleday, 1992. p. 58-65.
DANDAMAEV, Muhammad A. Slavery in Babylonia. Illinois: Northern Illinois University Press, 2009 [1984].
FAUST, Avraham. Judah in the Neo-Babylonian Period: the archaeology of desolation. Atlanta: SBL, 2012.
FINKELSTEIN, Israel. Jerusalem and Judah, 600-200 BCE. In: DUBOVSKY, Peter et alii (Org.). The fall of Jerusalem and the rise of the Torah. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2016. p. 3-18.
GEENEN, Elke M. Gesellschaftliche Verfuügung über Kapitalien und Vulnerabilität in konzeptioneller Perspektive. In: BERLEJUNG, Angelika. Katastrophen und Katastrophenbewältigung im Alten Israel/Palästina, in Ägypten und im Alten Orient. In: BERLEJUNG, Angelika (Org.). Katastrophen und ihre Bewältigung.Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2012. p. 41-65.
GLASSNER, Jean-Jacques. Chroniques mésopotamiennes. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1993.
JOANNÈS, Francis. Les phénomènes de fin d’archives en Mésopotamie. Revue d´Assyriologie et d´Archéologie Orientale, n. 89, p. 1-2; p. 139-147, 1995.
JOANNÈS, Francis. La fiscalité de la Babylonie achéménide. In: PERNA, Massimo (Org.). Fiscality in Mycenaean and Near Eastern Archives. Paris: De Boccard, 2006.
JOANNÈS, Francis; LEMAIRE, André. Contrats babyloniens d’époque achéménide du Bît-Abî Râm avec une épigraphie araméenne. Revue d´Assyriologie et d´Archéologie Orientale, n. 90, p. 41-60, 1996.
JURSA, Michael. Aspects of the economic history of Babylonia in the first millennium BC. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2010.
JURSA, Michael. Taxation and service obligations in Babylonia from Nebuchadnezzar to Darius and the evidence for Darius’ tax reform. In: ROLLINGER, Robert et alii (Org.). Herodot und das Persische Weltreich. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2011. p. 431-448.
JURSA, Michael. Labor in Babylonia in the first millennium BC. In: STEIKELLER, Piotr & HUDSON, Michael (Org.). Labor in the ancient world. Dresden: ISLET Verlag, 2015. p. 345-396.
LIVERANI, Mario. Assyria. The imperial mission. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns, 2017.
MAGDALENE, Rachel; WUNSCH, Cornelia. Slavery between Judah and Babylon: the exilic experience. In: CULBERTSON, Laura (Org.) Slaves and households in the Near East. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. 2011, p. 113-134.
PEARCE, Laurie E. Identifying Judeans and Judean identity in the Babylonian evidence. In: STÖKL, Jonathan; WAERZEGGERS, Caroline (Ed.). Exile and Return. The Babylonian context. Berlin-Boston: De Gruyeter, 2015. p. 7-32.
PEARCE, Laurie E. Cuneiform sources for Judeans in Babylonia in the Neo-Babylonian and Acahemenid periods: an overwiew. Religion Compass, n. 10/9, p. 230-243. 2016.
PEARCE, Laurie E.; WUNSCH, Cornelia. Documents of Judean exiles and West Semites in Babylonia in the collection of David Sofer. CUSAS, 28. Bethesda: CDL Press, 2014.
RADNER, Karen. The “Lost tribes of Israel” in the context of the resettlement programme of the Assyrian Empire. In: HASEGAWA, Shuichi et alii (Org.). The last days of the Kingdom of Israel. Berlin-Boston: Walter de Gruyeter, 2019. p. 101-123.
RÖMER, Thomas C. The so-called Deuteronomistic History. A sociological, historical and literary introduction. London-New York: T&T Clark, 2007.
ROM-SHILONI, Dalit. The untold stories: Al-Yahudu and or versus Hebrew Bible Babylonian compositions. Welt des Orient, n. 47/1, p. 124-34, 2017.
STOLPER, M. W. Entrepreneurs and empire. The Murashû archive, the Murashû firm, and the Persian rule in Babylonia. Istambul: Nederlands Historisch-Archaeolisch Instituut, 1985.
VAN DRIEL, Govert. Elusive silver. In search of a role for a market in an agrarian environment. Leiden, Nederlands Historisch-Archaeolisch Instituut, 2002.
WAERZEGGERS, Caroline, The Babylonian revolts against Xerxes and the 'end of archives'. Archiv für Orientforschung, n. 50, p. 150-173, 2003-2004.
WAERZEGGERS, Caroline. Locating contact in the Babylonian Exile: some reflections on tracing Judean-Babylonian encounters in cuneiform texts. In: GABBAY, Uri & SECUNDA, Shai (Org.). Encounters by the rivers of Babylon. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2014. p. 131-145.
WAERZEGGERS, Caroline. The network of resistance: archives and political action in Babylon before 484 BCE. In: WAERZEGGERS, Caroline; SEIRE, Maarja (org.), Xerxes and Babylonia: The Cuneiform Evidence. Leuven: Peeters, 2018. p. 89-133.
WEIDNER, Ernst Friedrich. Jojachin König von Juda in babylonischen Keilschrifttexten. Mélanges Syriens offerts à Monsieur René Dussaud par ses amis et élèves. v. 2. Paris: Geuthner, p. 923-935, 1939.
WUNSCH, Cornelia. Neo-Babylonian Entrepreneurs. In: LANDES, David S. et alii (Org.). The invention of enterprise. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010. p. 40-61.
WUNSCH, Cornelia. Glimpses on the lives of deportees in rural Babylonia. In: BERLEJUNG, Angelika; STRECK, Michael P. (Org.). Arameans, Chaldeans, and Arabs in Babylonia and Palestine in the First Millennium B.C. Leipziger Altorientalische Studien, 3. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2013.
ZADOK, Ran. People from countries West and North of Babylonia in Babylon during of reign of Nebuchadnezzar II. Hebrew Bible and Ancient Israel, n. 7, p. 112-129, 2018.
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2019-11-30
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Rede, M. (2019). Al-Yahudu: os arquivos do exílio babilônico. Arquivo Maaravi: Revista Digital De Estudos Judaicos Da UFMG, 13(25), 104–120. https://doi.org/10.17851/1982-3053.13.25.104-120
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