Al-Yahudu: the Archives of the Babylonian Exile
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17851/1982-3053.13.25.104-120Keywords:
Babylonian Exile, Judeans, Al-YahuduAbstract
The cuneiform documents from Al-Yahudu enable us to reconsider the material life and social conditions of Judah communities exiled in Babylon between the conquest of the Kingdom of Judah by Nebuchadnezzar II and the Persian period. The contracts also reveal some interesting elements of identity, cultural and religious formulations and negotiations in a multiethnic and multicultural environment. The new picture provided by the documents differs considerably from that of the biblical narratives.
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References
ABRAHAM, Kathleen. West Semitic and Judean brides in cuneiform sources from the sixth century BCE: new evidence from a marriage contract from Al-Yahudu. Archiv für Orientforschung, n. 51, p. 198-219, 2005-2006.
ABRAHAM, Kathleen. Negotiating marriage in multicultural Babylonia: an example from the Judean community in Al-Yahudu. In: STÖKL, Jonathan; WAERZEGGERS, Caroline (Ed.). Exile and Return. The Babylonian context. Berlin-Boston: De Gruyeter, 2015. p. 34-57.
ALBERTZ, Reiner. More and less than a myth: reality and significance of exile for the political, social, and religious history of Judah. In: AHN, John J.; MIDDLEMAS, Jill (Org.). By the irrigation canals of Babylon: approaches to the study of the exile. London-New York: T&T Clark, 2012. p. 20-33.
ALSTOLA, Tero Esko. Judeans merchants in Babylonia and their participation in long-distance trade. Welt des Orients, n. 47, 2017. p. 25-51.
ALSTOLA, Tero Esko. Judeans in Babylonia. A study of deportees in the sixty and fifth centuries BCE. Tese de Doutorado. Universidade de Leiden, 2018.
BARSTAD, Hans M. History and the Hebrew Bible. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2008.
BECKING, Bob. ‘We all returned as one!´: critical notes on the myth of the mass return. In: LIPSCHITS, Oded & OEMING, Manfred (Org.). Judah and the Judeans in the Persian period. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2006. p. 3-18.
BECKING, Bob. In Babylon: the exile as historical (re)construction. In: BECKING, Bob et alii (Org.). From Babylon to eternity. London: Equinox, 2009. p. 4-33.
BERLEJUNG, Angelika. Katastrophen und Katastrophenbewältigung im Alten Israel/Palästina, in Ägypten und im Alten Orient. In: BERLEJUNG, Angelika (Org.). Katastrophen und ihre Bewältigung.Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2012.
BERLEJUNG, Angelika. New life, new skills, and new friends in exile: the loss and rise of capitals of the Judeans in Babylonia. In: FINKELSTEIN, Israel et alii (Org.). Alphabets, texts and artefacts in the ancient Near East. Studies Presented to Benjamin Sass. Paris: Van Dieren, 2017. p. 12-46.
BLOCH, Yigal. Judeans in Sippar and Susa during the first century of the Babylonian Exile: assimilation and perseverance under Neo-Babylonian and Achaemenid Rule. Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History, 2014, 1(2), p. 119-172.
BLOCH, Yigal. From horse trainers to dependent workers: the shushanu class in the Late Babylonian Period, with a special focus on Al-Yahudu tablets. Kaskal. Rivista di Storia, ambienti e culture del Vicino Oriente Antico, n. 14, p. 91-118, 2017.
CARR, David M. Holy resilience. The Bible’s traumatic origins. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014.
DANDAMAEV, Muhammad A. Slavery. In: Freedman, D. N. Anchor Bible Dictionary. Vol. 6. New York: Doubleday, 1992. p. 58-65.
DANDAMAEV, Muhammad A. Slavery in Babylonia. Illinois: Northern Illinois University Press, 2009 [1984].
FAUST, Avraham. Judah in the Neo-Babylonian Period: the archaeology of desolation. Atlanta: SBL, 2012.
FINKELSTEIN, Israel. Jerusalem and Judah, 600-200 BCE. In: DUBOVSKY, Peter et alii (Org.). The fall of Jerusalem and the rise of the Torah. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2016. p. 3-18.
GEENEN, Elke M. Gesellschaftliche Verfuügung über Kapitalien und Vulnerabilität in konzeptioneller Perspektive. In: BERLEJUNG, Angelika. Katastrophen und Katastrophenbewältigung im Alten Israel/Palästina, in Ägypten und im Alten Orient. In: BERLEJUNG, Angelika (Org.). Katastrophen und ihre Bewältigung.Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2012. p. 41-65.
GLASSNER, Jean-Jacques. Chroniques mésopotamiennes. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1993.
JOANNÈS, Francis. Les phénomènes de fin d’archives en Mésopotamie. Revue d´Assyriologie et d´Archéologie Orientale, n. 89, p. 1-2; p. 139-147, 1995.
JOANNÈS, Francis. La fiscalité de la Babylonie achéménide. In: PERNA, Massimo (Org.). Fiscality in Mycenaean and Near Eastern Archives. Paris: De Boccard, 2006.
JOANNÈS, Francis; LEMAIRE, André. Contrats babyloniens d’époque achéménide du Bît-Abî Râm avec une épigraphie araméenne. Revue d´Assyriologie et d´Archéologie Orientale, n. 90, p. 41-60, 1996.
JURSA, Michael. Aspects of the economic history of Babylonia in the first millennium BC. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2010.
JURSA, Michael. Taxation and service obligations in Babylonia from Nebuchadnezzar to Darius and the evidence for Darius’ tax reform. In: ROLLINGER, Robert et alii (Org.). Herodot und das Persische Weltreich. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2011. p. 431-448.
JURSA, Michael. Labor in Babylonia in the first millennium BC. In: STEIKELLER, Piotr & HUDSON, Michael (Org.). Labor in the ancient world. Dresden: ISLET Verlag, 2015. p. 345-396.
LIVERANI, Mario. Assyria. The imperial mission. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns, 2017.
MAGDALENE, Rachel; WUNSCH, Cornelia. Slavery between Judah and Babylon: the exilic experience. In: CULBERTSON, Laura (Org.) Slaves and households in the Near East. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. 2011, p. 113-134.
PEARCE, Laurie E. Identifying Judeans and Judean identity in the Babylonian evidence. In: STÖKL, Jonathan; WAERZEGGERS, Caroline (Ed.). Exile and Return. The Babylonian context. Berlin-Boston: De Gruyeter, 2015. p. 7-32.
PEARCE, Laurie E. Cuneiform sources for Judeans in Babylonia in the Neo-Babylonian and Acahemenid periods: an overwiew. Religion Compass, n. 10/9, p. 230-243. 2016.
PEARCE, Laurie E.; WUNSCH, Cornelia. Documents of Judean exiles and West Semites in Babylonia in the collection of David Sofer. CUSAS, 28. Bethesda: CDL Press, 2014.
RADNER, Karen. The “Lost tribes of Israel” in the context of the resettlement programme of the Assyrian Empire. In: HASEGAWA, Shuichi et alii (Org.). The last days of the Kingdom of Israel. Berlin-Boston: Walter de Gruyeter, 2019. p. 101-123.
RÖMER, Thomas C. The so-called Deuteronomistic History. A sociological, historical and literary introduction. London-New York: T&T Clark, 2007.
ROM-SHILONI, Dalit. The untold stories: Al-Yahudu and or versus Hebrew Bible Babylonian compositions. Welt des Orient, n. 47/1, p. 124-34, 2017.
STOLPER, M. W. Entrepreneurs and empire. The Murashû archive, the Murashû firm, and the Persian rule in Babylonia. Istambul: Nederlands Historisch-Archaeolisch Instituut, 1985.
VAN DRIEL, Govert. Elusive silver. In search of a role for a market in an agrarian environment. Leiden, Nederlands Historisch-Archaeolisch Instituut, 2002.
WAERZEGGERS, Caroline, The Babylonian revolts against Xerxes and the 'end of archives'. Archiv für Orientforschung, n. 50, p. 150-173, 2003-2004.
WAERZEGGERS, Caroline. Locating contact in the Babylonian Exile: some reflections on tracing Judean-Babylonian encounters in cuneiform texts. In: GABBAY, Uri & SECUNDA, Shai (Org.). Encounters by the rivers of Babylon. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2014. p. 131-145.
WAERZEGGERS, Caroline. The network of resistance: archives and political action in Babylon before 484 BCE. In: WAERZEGGERS, Caroline; SEIRE, Maarja (org.), Xerxes and Babylonia: The Cuneiform Evidence. Leuven: Peeters, 2018. p. 89-133.
WEIDNER, Ernst Friedrich. Jojachin König von Juda in babylonischen Keilschrifttexten. Mélanges Syriens offerts à Monsieur René Dussaud par ses amis et élèves. v. 2. Paris: Geuthner, p. 923-935, 1939.
WUNSCH, Cornelia. Neo-Babylonian Entrepreneurs. In: LANDES, David S. et alii (Org.). The invention of enterprise. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010. p. 40-61.
WUNSCH, Cornelia. Glimpses on the lives of deportees in rural Babylonia. In: BERLEJUNG, Angelika; STRECK, Michael P. (Org.). Arameans, Chaldeans, and Arabs in Babylonia and Palestine in the First Millennium B.C. Leipziger Altorientalische Studien, 3. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2013.
ZADOK, Ran. People from countries West and North of Babylonia in Babylon during of reign of Nebuchadnezzar II. Hebrew Bible and Ancient Israel, n. 7, p. 112-129, 2018.
ABRAHAM, Kathleen. Negotiating marriage in multicultural Babylonia: an example from the Judean community in Al-Yahudu. In: STÖKL, Jonathan; WAERZEGGERS, Caroline (Ed.). Exile and Return. The Babylonian context. Berlin-Boston: De Gruyeter, 2015. p. 34-57.
ALBERTZ, Reiner. More and less than a myth: reality and significance of exile for the political, social, and religious history of Judah. In: AHN, John J.; MIDDLEMAS, Jill (Org.). By the irrigation canals of Babylon: approaches to the study of the exile. London-New York: T&T Clark, 2012. p. 20-33.
ALSTOLA, Tero Esko. Judeans merchants in Babylonia and their participation in long-distance trade. Welt des Orients, n. 47, 2017. p. 25-51.
ALSTOLA, Tero Esko. Judeans in Babylonia. A study of deportees in the sixty and fifth centuries BCE. Tese de Doutorado. Universidade de Leiden, 2018.
BARSTAD, Hans M. History and the Hebrew Bible. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2008.
BECKING, Bob. ‘We all returned as one!´: critical notes on the myth of the mass return. In: LIPSCHITS, Oded & OEMING, Manfred (Org.). Judah and the Judeans in the Persian period. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2006. p. 3-18.
BECKING, Bob. In Babylon: the exile as historical (re)construction. In: BECKING, Bob et alii (Org.). From Babylon to eternity. London: Equinox, 2009. p. 4-33.
BERLEJUNG, Angelika. Katastrophen und Katastrophenbewältigung im Alten Israel/Palästina, in Ägypten und im Alten Orient. In: BERLEJUNG, Angelika (Org.). Katastrophen und ihre Bewältigung.Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2012.
BERLEJUNG, Angelika. New life, new skills, and new friends in exile: the loss and rise of capitals of the Judeans in Babylonia. In: FINKELSTEIN, Israel et alii (Org.). Alphabets, texts and artefacts in the ancient Near East. Studies Presented to Benjamin Sass. Paris: Van Dieren, 2017. p. 12-46.
BLOCH, Yigal. Judeans in Sippar and Susa during the first century of the Babylonian Exile: assimilation and perseverance under Neo-Babylonian and Achaemenid Rule. Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History, 2014, 1(2), p. 119-172.
BLOCH, Yigal. From horse trainers to dependent workers: the shushanu class in the Late Babylonian Period, with a special focus on Al-Yahudu tablets. Kaskal. Rivista di Storia, ambienti e culture del Vicino Oriente Antico, n. 14, p. 91-118, 2017.
CARR, David M. Holy resilience. The Bible’s traumatic origins. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014.
DANDAMAEV, Muhammad A. Slavery. In: Freedman, D. N. Anchor Bible Dictionary. Vol. 6. New York: Doubleday, 1992. p. 58-65.
DANDAMAEV, Muhammad A. Slavery in Babylonia. Illinois: Northern Illinois University Press, 2009 [1984].
FAUST, Avraham. Judah in the Neo-Babylonian Period: the archaeology of desolation. Atlanta: SBL, 2012.
FINKELSTEIN, Israel. Jerusalem and Judah, 600-200 BCE. In: DUBOVSKY, Peter et alii (Org.). The fall of Jerusalem and the rise of the Torah. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2016. p. 3-18.
GEENEN, Elke M. Gesellschaftliche Verfuügung über Kapitalien und Vulnerabilität in konzeptioneller Perspektive. In: BERLEJUNG, Angelika. Katastrophen und Katastrophenbewältigung im Alten Israel/Palästina, in Ägypten und im Alten Orient. In: BERLEJUNG, Angelika (Org.). Katastrophen und ihre Bewältigung.Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2012. p. 41-65.
GLASSNER, Jean-Jacques. Chroniques mésopotamiennes. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1993.
JOANNÈS, Francis. Les phénomènes de fin d’archives en Mésopotamie. Revue d´Assyriologie et d´Archéologie Orientale, n. 89, p. 1-2; p. 139-147, 1995.
JOANNÈS, Francis. La fiscalité de la Babylonie achéménide. In: PERNA, Massimo (Org.). Fiscality in Mycenaean and Near Eastern Archives. Paris: De Boccard, 2006.
JOANNÈS, Francis; LEMAIRE, André. Contrats babyloniens d’époque achéménide du Bît-Abî Râm avec une épigraphie araméenne. Revue d´Assyriologie et d´Archéologie Orientale, n. 90, p. 41-60, 1996.
JURSA, Michael. Aspects of the economic history of Babylonia in the first millennium BC. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2010.
JURSA, Michael. Taxation and service obligations in Babylonia from Nebuchadnezzar to Darius and the evidence for Darius’ tax reform. In: ROLLINGER, Robert et alii (Org.). Herodot und das Persische Weltreich. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2011. p. 431-448.
JURSA, Michael. Labor in Babylonia in the first millennium BC. In: STEIKELLER, Piotr & HUDSON, Michael (Org.). Labor in the ancient world. Dresden: ISLET Verlag, 2015. p. 345-396.
LIVERANI, Mario. Assyria. The imperial mission. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns, 2017.
MAGDALENE, Rachel; WUNSCH, Cornelia. Slavery between Judah and Babylon: the exilic experience. In: CULBERTSON, Laura (Org.) Slaves and households in the Near East. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. 2011, p. 113-134.
PEARCE, Laurie E. Identifying Judeans and Judean identity in the Babylonian evidence. In: STÖKL, Jonathan; WAERZEGGERS, Caroline (Ed.). Exile and Return. The Babylonian context. Berlin-Boston: De Gruyeter, 2015. p. 7-32.
PEARCE, Laurie E. Cuneiform sources for Judeans in Babylonia in the Neo-Babylonian and Acahemenid periods: an overwiew. Religion Compass, n. 10/9, p. 230-243. 2016.
PEARCE, Laurie E.; WUNSCH, Cornelia. Documents of Judean exiles and West Semites in Babylonia in the collection of David Sofer. CUSAS, 28. Bethesda: CDL Press, 2014.
RADNER, Karen. The “Lost tribes of Israel” in the context of the resettlement programme of the Assyrian Empire. In: HASEGAWA, Shuichi et alii (Org.). The last days of the Kingdom of Israel. Berlin-Boston: Walter de Gruyeter, 2019. p. 101-123.
RÖMER, Thomas C. The so-called Deuteronomistic History. A sociological, historical and literary introduction. London-New York: T&T Clark, 2007.
ROM-SHILONI, Dalit. The untold stories: Al-Yahudu and or versus Hebrew Bible Babylonian compositions. Welt des Orient, n. 47/1, p. 124-34, 2017.
STOLPER, M. W. Entrepreneurs and empire. The Murashû archive, the Murashû firm, and the Persian rule in Babylonia. Istambul: Nederlands Historisch-Archaeolisch Instituut, 1985.
VAN DRIEL, Govert. Elusive silver. In search of a role for a market in an agrarian environment. Leiden, Nederlands Historisch-Archaeolisch Instituut, 2002.
WAERZEGGERS, Caroline, The Babylonian revolts against Xerxes and the 'end of archives'. Archiv für Orientforschung, n. 50, p. 150-173, 2003-2004.
WAERZEGGERS, Caroline. Locating contact in the Babylonian Exile: some reflections on tracing Judean-Babylonian encounters in cuneiform texts. In: GABBAY, Uri & SECUNDA, Shai (Org.). Encounters by the rivers of Babylon. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2014. p. 131-145.
WAERZEGGERS, Caroline. The network of resistance: archives and political action in Babylon before 484 BCE. In: WAERZEGGERS, Caroline; SEIRE, Maarja (org.), Xerxes and Babylonia: The Cuneiform Evidence. Leuven: Peeters, 2018. p. 89-133.
WEIDNER, Ernst Friedrich. Jojachin König von Juda in babylonischen Keilschrifttexten. Mélanges Syriens offerts à Monsieur René Dussaud par ses amis et élèves. v. 2. Paris: Geuthner, p. 923-935, 1939.
WUNSCH, Cornelia. Neo-Babylonian Entrepreneurs. In: LANDES, David S. et alii (Org.). The invention of enterprise. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010. p. 40-61.
WUNSCH, Cornelia. Glimpses on the lives of deportees in rural Babylonia. In: BERLEJUNG, Angelika; STRECK, Michael P. (Org.). Arameans, Chaldeans, and Arabs in Babylonia and Palestine in the First Millennium B.C. Leipziger Altorientalische Studien, 3. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2013.
ZADOK, Ran. People from countries West and North of Babylonia in Babylon during of reign of Nebuchadnezzar II. Hebrew Bible and Ancient Israel, n. 7, p. 112-129, 2018.
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2019-11-30
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How to Cite
Al-Yahudu: the Archives of the Babylonian Exile. (2019). Arquivo Maaravi: Revista Digital De Estudos Judaicos Da UFMG, 13(25), 104-120. https://doi.org/10.17851/1982-3053.13.25.104-120
