Como a inteligência artificial generativa pode facilitar o ensino do raciocínio clínico
uma revisão de escopo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35699/2237-5864.2025.58339Palavras-chave:
ensino em saúde, inteligência artificial, inteligência artificial generativa, raciocínio clínico, revisão de escopoResumo
Esta revisão tem como objetivo mapear e resumir o estado atual da pesquisa para identificar a aplicabilidade dos chatbots no ensino do raciocínio clínico durante a formação médica, considerando as melhores evidências disponíveis. Foi realizada uma busca sistemática e abrangente nas bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science e Google Scholar, entre agosto de 2023 e agosto de 2024. Foram incluídos estudos originais que descreveram aplicações educacionais alinhadas a estratégias com evidência para o ensino do raciocínio clínico (autoexplicação, reflexão estruturada, prática com casos e feedback). A seleção foi complementada por snowballing e consulta a especialistas. Foram incluídas 21 publicações. Todos os estudos exploraram o uso do ChatGPT (OpenAI); três (14%) também analisaram o Bard (Google), dois (9,5%) investigaram o Bing (Microsoft) e um (5%) explorou outras ferramentas de inteligência artificial. Nossos achados sugerem que chatbots podem apoiar o desenvolvimento de habilidades de raciocínio clínico por meio de estratégias educacionais eficazes. As respostas dos chatbots podem ajudar os estudantes a construir compreensão, promover reflexão deliberada, incentivar feedback ao praticar com casos escritos e adaptar o conteúdo ao estágio de aprendizagem. Poucos estudos levantaram preocupações sobre riscos e questões éticas. Esta revisão demonstrou que os chatbots apresentam um grande potencial para aprimorar o desenvolvimento do raciocínio clínico durante a formação médica. No entanto, é fundamental abordar as limitações inerentes, como os riscos de alucinações e explicações imprecisas, para maximizar o potencial educacional da tecnologia.
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