On a Possible Definition of the Bildungsroman
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35699/2317-2096.2024.51228Keywords:
Bildung, developmental novel, character as mental construction, generic competence, historicityAbstract
There are two disadvantages to using the term Bildungsroman. On the one hand, none of the works traditionally considered Bildungsromane really fit the concept of a harmonious integration of the individual into society. On the other hand, this is a label that, in recent decades, seems to apply to practically any cultural product featuring a teenager as the protagonist. Here, we will try to overcome these two extreme positions by delimiting what we prefer to call the Bildungs/Anti-Bildungsroman system in relation to the broader macro-genre of the developmental novel. The assumption for this is that in the first case, a generic competence of a more specialised reader is activated and it is this that allows the recipient to link the given work to its hypotext, J. W. Goethe’s Wilhelm Meister. This dependence on a fundamental work, which only a certain type of recipient is in a position to recognise, is thus elevated, along with the premise of the historicity and “Germanness” of the “system”, to a central criterion.
Downloads
References
BAKHTIN, Míjail. La novela de educación y su importancia en la historia del realismo. In: Estética de la creación verbal. Tradução de Tatiana Bubnova. México: Siglo XXI, 1995. p. 200-247.
BEDDOW, Michael. The Fiction of Humanity: Studies in the Bildungsroman from Wieland to Thomas Mann. Bristol: Cambridge University Press, 1982.
BILDUNGSROMAN. In: Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Disponível em: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bildungsroman. Acesso em: 03 nov. 2023.
BLANCKENBURG, Friedrich. Versuch über den Roman. Edição de Eberhard Lämmert. Stuttgart: Metzler, 1965.
BUCKLEY, Jerome Hamilton. Season of Youth: The Bildungsroman from Dickens to Golding. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1974.
DILTHEY, Wilhelm. Das Leben Schleiermachers. v. 2. Berlin/Leipzig: De Gruyter, 1922.
EDER, Jens et al. Introduction. In: Characters in Fictional Worlds: Understanding Imaginary Beings in Literature, Film and Other Media. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2010. p. 3-64.
FISHELOV, David. The Structure of Generic Categories: Some Cognitive Aspects. Journal of Literary Semantics, 24, p. 117-126, 1995. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/jlse.1995.24.2.117.
GENETTE, Gérard. Palimpsestos: la literatura en segundo grado. Tradução de Celia Fernández Prieto. Madrid: Taurus, 1989.
GERHARD, Melitta. Der Deutsche Entwicklungsroman bis zu Goethes ,Wilhelm Meister‘. Halle / Saale: Niemeyer, 1926.
GOETHE, Johann Wolfgang. Sämtliche Werke. V. 5. Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre. [1962]. Edição de Hans-Jürgen Schings. Münich: btb, 2006.
HESSE, Hermann. Wilhelm Meisters Lehjahre. In: Gesammelte Werke. V. 12. Berlin / Frankfurt/M, Suhrkamp, 1987, p. 159-183.
JACOBS, Jürgen. Wilhelm Meister und Seine Brüder: Untersuchungen zum deutschen Bildungsroman. Münich: Wilhelm Fink, 1983.
JAUSS, Hans-Robert. Der literarische Prozeβ des Modernismus von Rousseau bis Adorno. In: Studien zum Epochenwandel der ästhetischen Moderne. Frankfurt/M: Suhrkamp, 1990. p. 67-103.
KAFKA, Franz. El desaparecido (América). Tradução de Miguel Vedda. Buenos Aires: Gorla, 2017.
KAYSER, Wolfgang. Interpretación y análisis de la obra literaria. 4. ed. rev. Tradução de M. D. Mouton e V. G. Yebra. Madrid: Gredos, 1993.
KELLER, Gottfried. Sämtliche Werke. V. 6. Der grüne Heinrich. 2. versión. Frankfurt/M: Deutscher Klassiker, 1996.
KLUGE, Friedrich; GÖTZE, Alfred. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1963.
KOCKA, Jürgen. The Middle Classes in Europe. The Journal of Modern History, v. 67, n. 4, p. 783-806, 1995. Disponível em: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2124755. Acesso em: 12 oct. 2023.
KOVAL, Martín. El sistema Bildungs/Anti-Bildungsroman para especialistas. Badebec, 12, 24, p. 128-148, 2023. Disponível em: https://badebec.unr.edu.ar/index.php/badebec/article/view/593/537. Acesso em: 17 jul. 2023
KOVAL, Martín. Vocación y renuncia: La novela de formación alemana entre la Ilustración y la Primera Guerra Mundial. Buenos Aires: Editorial de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la UBA, 2018.
LÄMMERT, Eberhard. Der Autor und sein Held im Roman des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts. The German Quarterly, n. 66, p. 415-451, 1993.
LEACH, Edmund. Cultura y comunicación: la lógica de la conexión de los símbolos. Una introducción al uso del análisis estructuralista en la antropología social [1976]. Tradução de Juan Oliver Sánchez Fernández. 4. ed. Madrid: Siglo Veintiuno, 1989.
LUKÁCS, György. Goethe y su época. Precedido de Minna von Barnhelm (M. Sacristán, trad.). Barceolna: Grijalbo, 1968.
LUKÁCS, György. Die Theorie des Romans. Múnich: DTV, 1988.
MANN, Thomas. Der Entwicklungsroman. In: Essays. v. 1. Edição de Hermann Kurzke e Stephan Stachorski. Frankfurt/M.: Fischer, 1993, p. 288-291.
MARGOLIN, Uri. Individuals in Narrative Worlds: An Ontological Perspective. Poetics Today, v. 11, n. 4, 843-871, 1990.
MAY, Kurt. Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre, ein Bildungsroman? DVJS, v. 31, n. 1, p. 1-37, 1957.
MAZZARI, Marcus Vinicius. Metamorfoses de Wilhelm Meister: O verde Henrique na tradição do Bildungsroman. In: Labirintos da aprendizagem: pacto fáustico, romance de formação e outros temas de literatura comparada. São Paulo: Editora 34, 2010. p. 93-158.
MAZZARI, Marcus Vinicius. Riobaldo, Hans Castorp, Wilhelm Meister: viajantes em formação. Literatura e Sociedade, v. 27, n. 35, p. 96-123, 2022.
MORETTI, Franco. The Way of the World: The Bildungsroman in European Culture. London: Verso, 1987.
MILES, David H. The Picaro’s Journey to the Confessional: The Changing Image of the Hero in the German Bildungsroman. PMLA, v. 89, n. 5, p. 980-992, out. 1974.
NEUMANN, Gerhard. Der Wanderer und der Verschollene. Paths and Labyrinyhs. Edição de J. P. Stern & J. J. White. Londres: University of London, 1985, p. 43-64.
RYAN, Marie-Laure. Reconstructing the Textual Universe: The Principle of Minimal Departure. In: Possible Worlds, Artificial Intelligence and Narrative Theory. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1991. p. 48-60.
SAMMONS, Jeffrey L. El Bildungsroman para no especialistas: un intento de aclaración. Tradução de Dante Prado. Inter Litteras, v. 2, p. 10-26, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.34096/interlitteras.n2.9726. Acesso em: 01 jun. 2022.
SCHILLER, Friedrich; KÖRNER, Christian Gottfried. Briefwechsel zwichen Schiller und Körner. Münich: Winkler, 1973.
SCHLEGEL, August Wilhelm; SCHLEGEL, Friedrich. Athenaeum: Eine Zeitschrift. Edição facsimilar. 3 v. Darmstadt: WBG, 1992.
SCHLEGEL, Friedrich. Sobre el Meister de Goethe. Tradução de Diego Sánchez Meca. Volubilis, 14, p. 14-29, jun. 2007. Disponível em: https://e-epacio.uned.es/entities/publication/6b80378e-7d73-47a6-91f7-2f674d28ccd0. Acesso em: 12 jun. 2023.
SCHNEIDER, Ralf. Toward a Cognitive Theory of Literary Character: The Dynamics of Mental-Model Construction. Style, v. 35, n. 4, p. 607-639, Winter 2001. Disponível em: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/style.35.4.607. Acesso em: 28 oct. 2023.
STAHL, Ernst Ludwig. Die Entstehung des deutschen Bildungsromans im achtzehnten Jahrhundert. In: Zur Geschichte des deutschen Bildungsromans. Edição de Rolf Selbmann. Darmstadt: WBG, 1988. p. 123-181.
STEINECKE, Hartmut. Wilhelm Meister und die Folgen. Goethes Roman und die Entwicklung der Gattung im 19. Jahrhundert. In: Goethe im Kontext: Kunst und Humanität, Naturwissenschaft und Politik von der Aufklärung bis zur Restauration. Ein Symposium. Edição de Wolfgang Wittkowski. Tübingen, Niemeyer, 1984. p. 89-112.
VIERHAUS, Rudolf. Bildung. In: Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe: Historisches Lexikon zur politisch-sozialen Sprache in Deutschland. Edição de Otto Brunner et al, v. 1. Stuttgart: Klett, 1972. p. 508-551.
VOSSKAMP, Wilhelm. Bildungsbücher: Zur Entstehung und Funktion des deutschen Bildungsromans. In: Die Fürstliche Bibliothek Corvey: Ihre Bedeutung für eine neue Sicht der Literatur des frühen 19. Jahrhunderts. Münich: Wilhelm Fink, 1992. p. 134-146.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Martín Ignacio Koval (Autor)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
