Migração e urbanização no Brasil

Abstract

The proximity between urbanization and migration is evident. The european colonization and the emergence of centers of population dependent on the explotation of natural resources has been a process that has attracted migrants from all over the world, especially when precious metals were discovered. Cities and villages gained with mass immigration, especially if the mineral wealth were many years of exploration, as occurred in North America and in Brazil from the 18th and 19th centuries. This was the “time” of sparse urbanization of pre-industrial type. A second moment began in the 20th century, when certain towns and regions have concentrated a large number of industrial activities and immigrants, most of them from rural origin. A second moment began in the 20th century when certain cities and regions in Brazil, Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo have become regional centers and attracted millions of immigrants for several decades. A third time began from 1980 in Brazil, with the dispersal of the population and investments toward the midium-sized cities in various regions of the country. This article exposes some empirical evidence on these three temporalities and points the causal links that explain them.