A new narrative for instrumental practice

reflection and critical thinking in music education

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35699/2317-6377.2025.59337

Keywords:

Instrumental practice, Autonomy, Mindful practice, Reflection, Music education

Abstract

Traditionally, instrumental practice has focused on repetition and technical optimization, limiting the development of autonomy and deep understanding of the repertoire. This article proposes a new narrative for instrumental practice, viewing it not only as a technical activity but as a self-regulated, reflective, and strategic process. It emphasizes the importance of conscious practice, integrating technique with critical interpretation and artistic expression, promoting progressive autonomy as a formative goal. Furthermore, the essential role of the teacher as a reflective mentor is highlighted, facilitating motivation, strategic thinking, and conscious decision-making, which fosters deeper and more sustainable learning. This narrative invites a reconsideration of instrumental practice as an active educational process, where the student makes decisions, connects learning with their artistic identity, and engages in their personal and musical development.

Author Biographies

  • Verónica Gómez Faubel, University of Castilla La-Mancha, Spain

    Degree of Superior Professor of Cello from the ‘Joaquín Rodrigo’ Conservatory of Music in Valencia. Degree in Chamber Music Teaching at the Conservatorio Superior de Música ‘Joaquín Rodrigo’ in Valencia. Master's Degree in Music Performance and Research with a specialisation in Music Research from the International University of Valencia. PhD Candidate in Education (University of Castilla La-Mancha).

  • María del Valle De Moya Martínez, University of Castilla La-Mancha, Spain

    Musical trainingHigher Degree in Music (Solfeggio, Music Theory, Transposition and Accompaniment), Real Conservatorio Superior de Música de Madrid (1984); Higher Degree in Music (Musicology), Real Conservatorio Superior de Música de Madrid (1985); Degree in Geography and History (Speciality: History of Art), Faculty of Geography and History (speciality: History of Art), Complutense University of Madrid (1986); Higher Degree in Music (Music Pedagogy), Murcia Conservatory of Music (1989); Doctorate in History of Art, Faculty of Arts of Ciudad Real (University of Castilla-La Mancha) (1997).

References

Ballesteros, Sara. 2020. “Sobre la conciliación de tiempos y culturas”. Síneris. Revista de Música. Recuperado de https://sineris.es/sobre-la-conciliacion-de-tiempos-y-cultura_educacion_musical.html

Barry, Nancy H.; Hallam, Susan. 2002. Practice. En Parncutt, Richard; McPherson, Gary E. (Eds.), The science and psychology of music performance: Creative strategies for teaching and learning (pp. 151–165). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195138108.003.0010

Botella Nicolás, Ana María; Isusi-Fagoaga, Rosa; Marzal Raga, Lluís. 2023. “Introducción de métodos activos en las Enseñanzas Artísticas Superiores de Música en la especialidad de percusión”. Per Musi, 24: 1–15. doi: 10.35699/2317-6377.2023.48540

Byo, James L.; Cassidy, Jane W. 2008. “An exploratory study of time use in the practice of music majors: Self-report and observation analysis”. Update: Applications of Research in Music Education, 27(1): 33–40. doi: 10.1177/8755123308322272

Capistrán Gracia, Raúl W. 2015. “Importancia de las estrategias de práctica instrumental y vocal en la formación del músico profesional: Revisión de literatura”. Revista Electrónica de LEEME, (36): 17–30. Recuperado de https://leemejournal.com/menuscript/index.php/leeme/article/view/86

Coso Martínez, José Antonio. 2002. Tocar un instrumento: El proceso de aprendizaje instrumental. Música Mundana Maqueda.

Domínguez-Lloria, Sara; Pino-Juste, Margarita. 2021. “Análisis de la formación pedagógica del profesorado de los Conservatorios Profesionales de Música y de las Escuelas Municipales de Música”. Revista Electrónica Complutense de Investigación en Educación Musical, 18: 39-48. doi:10.5209/reciem.67474

Duarte-Duarte, Jakeline; Angulo-Delgado, Fanny; Salas-Zapata, Walter Alfredo; Herrera-Mesa, Marcela Alejandra. 2024. “Aprendizaje de estrategias de autorregulación: una revisión sistemática”. Estudios Pedagógicos, 50 (1): 377-392. doi: 10.4067/s0718-07052024000100377

Dweck, Carol S. 2016. Mindset: The new psychology of success. Random House.

Ericsson, Karl Anders.; Krampe, Ralf T.; Tesch-Römer, Clemens. 1993. “The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance”. Psychological Review, 100 (3): 363–406. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.100.3.363

Ericsson, Karl Anders; Pool, Robert. 2016. Peak: Secrets from the New Science of Expertise. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt

Galera-Núñez, Mar; Carmona-Rodríguez, Sara. 2021.

“Motivaciones, creencias y refuerzo musical en casa en la educación musical temprana: Un estudio de caso”. Per Musi, 41: 1-18. doi:10.35699/2317-6377.2021.33071

Gaunt, Helena; Westerlund, Heidi. 2013. Collaborative learning in higher music education. Ashgate.

Gilbert, Ian. 2005. Motivar para aprender en el aula: Las siete claves de la motivación escolar. Paidós Ibérica.

Hallam, Susan. 1998. Instrumental teaching: A practical guide to learning. Heinemann Educational Publishers.

Hallam, Susan. 2001. “The development of metacognition in musicians: Implications for education”. British Journal of Music Education, 18 (1): 27–39. doi:10.1017/S0265051701000122

Hallam, Susan. 2016. “Motivation to learn”. En Hallam, Susan; Cross, Ian; Thaut Michael (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Music Psychology (2.ª ed., pp. 479–492). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198722946.013.2

Hallam, Susan; Papageorgi, Ioulia; Varvarigou, Maria; Creech, Andrea. 2021. “Relationships between practice, motivation, and examination outcomes”. Psychology of Music, 49 (1): 50–68. doi: 10.1177/0305735618816168

Hattie, John; Clarke, Shirley. 2019. Visible learning: Feedback. Routledge.

Jørgensen, Harald. 2004. “Strategies for individual practice”. In Williamon, Aaron (Ed.), Musical excellence: Strategies and techniques to enhance performance (pp. 85-104). Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198525356.003.0005

Lehmann, Andreas C.; Sloboda, John A.; Woody, Robert H. 2007. Psychology for musicians: Understanding and acquiring the skills. Oxford University Press

Lehmann, Andreas C.; Jørgensen, Harald. 2012. “Practice”. En McPherson, Gary E.; Welch, Graham F. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Music Education, Volume 1 (pp. 677–693). Oxford University Press.doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199730810.013.0040

Lisboa, Tânia; Demos, Alexander P.; Chaffin, Roger. 2018. “Training thought and action for virtuoso performance”. Musicae Scientiae, 22 (4): 519-538. doi:10.1177/1029864918782350

López-Íñiguez, Guadalupe; Bennett, Dawn. 2021. “Broadening student musicians’ career horizons: The importance of being and becoming a learner in higher education”. International Journal of Music Education, 39 (2): 134–150. doi: 10.1177/0255761421989111

López-Íñiguez, Guadalupe; McPherson, Gary E. 2020. “Applying self-regulated learning and self-determination theory to optimize the performance of a concert cellist”. Frontiers in Psychology, 11: Article 385. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00385

López-González, José Antonio; Muñoz-Muñoz, Juan Rafael; González Martín, Javier. 2021. “Intervenciones psicoeducativas en el aprendizaje de la práctica instrumental en conservatorios de música: autorregulación, entrenamiento en habilidades psicológicas y mindfulness”. Revista Electrónica Complutense de Investigación en Educación Musical - RECIEM, 18: 61-71. doi: 10.5209/reciem.68146

López-Íñiguez, Guadalupe; McPherson, Gary E. (2024). “Using a music microanalysis protocol to enhance instrumental practice”. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, Article 1368074. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1368074

McPherson, Gary E.; Osborne, Margaret S.; Evans, Paul; Miksza, Peter. 2019. “Applying self-regulated learning microanalysis to study musicians’ practice”. Psychology of Music, 47 (1): 18–32. doi: 10.1177/0305735617731614

McPherson, Gary E.; Zimmerman, Barry. J. 2011. “Self-regulation of musical learning: A social cognitive perspective on developing performance skills”. En Colwell, Richard; Webster Peter R. (Eds.), MENC Handbook of Research on Music Learning: Volume 2 – Applications (pp. 130–175). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199754397.003.0004

Miksza, Peter. 2012. “The development of a measure of self-regulated practice behavior for beginning and intermediate instrumental music students”. Journal of Research in Music Education, 59 (4): 321–338. doi:10.1177/0022429411414717

Miksza, Peter; Tan, Leonard. 2015. “Predicting collegiate wind players’ practice efficiency, flow, and self-efficacy for self-regulation: An exploratory study of relationships between teachers’ instruction and students’ practicing”. Journal of Research in Music Education, 63 (2): 162–179. doi: 10.1177/0022429415583474

Monereo, Carles; Castelló, Montserrat; Clariana, Mercè; Palma, Montserrat; Pérez Cabaní, María Lluísa. 2006. Estrategias de enseñanza y aprendizaje: Formación del profesorado y aplicación en la escuela. Graó.

Moos, Daniel C.; Ringdal, Alissa. 2012. “Self-regulated learning in the classroom: A literature review on the teacher’s role”. Education Research International, Article 423284. doi: 10.1155/2012/423284

Nielsen, Siw G. 2015. “Learning pre-played solos: Self-regulated learning strategies in jazz/improvised music”. Research Studies in Music Education, 37 (2): 129–144. doi: 10.1177/1321103X1561566

Pintrich, Paul R. (2000). “The role of goal orientation in self-regulated learning”. En Boekarts, Monique; Pintrich, Paul R.; Zeidner, Moshe (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 451–502). Academic Press.

Pozo Municio, Juan Ignacio; Monereo i Font, Carles (Coords.). 1999. El aprendizaje estratégico: enseñar a aprender desde el currículo. Madrid: Santillana.

Tripiana Muñoz, Silvia. 2010. “Despertar el deseo de aprender durante el estudio individual”. Música y Educación: Revista internacional de pedagogía musical, 83: 32–39. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3291641

Tripiana Muñoz, Silvia. Evaluación de un programa didáctico de estrategias de práctica instrumental eficaces en la interpretación musical. 2015. Tesis (Ciencias de la Educación) - Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 2015. Disponible en: https://zaguan.unizar.es/record/31624

Tripiana Muñoz, Silvia. 2016. “Estrategias de motivación durante el aprendizaje instrumental”. Revista Internacional de Educación Musical, 4: 25-33. doi: 10.12967/RIEM-2016-4-p025-033

Tripiana Muñoz, Silvia. 2019. Estrategias eficaces de práctica instrumental: Primeros pasos al estudiar una obra musical. Granada: Editorial Libargo.

Zimmerman, Barry J. 2002. “Becoming a self-regulated learner: An overview”. Theory Into Practice, 41 (2): 64–70. doi:10.1207/s15430421tip4102_2

Zimmerman, B. J. (2011). “Motivational sources and outcomes of self-regulated learning and performance”. En Zimmerman, Barry J.; Schunk, Dale H. (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation of learning and performance (pp. 49–64). Routledge.

Zimmerman, Barry J.; Schunk, Dale H. 2011. Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: Theoretical perspectives (2.ª ed.). Routledge.

Published

2025-08-11

Issue

Section

Articles in Portuguese/Spanish

How to Cite

“A New Narrative for Instrumental Practice: Reflection and Critical Thinking in Music Education”. 2025. Per Musi 26 (August): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.35699/2317-6377.2025.59337.