Produzindo o cérebro, ocultando o sujeito: um diálogo entre a História Epistemológica e a Teoria Decolonial
Palavras-chave:
neurociências, lorraine daston, objeto científico, cérebro, decolonialResumo
Nas últimas décadas, o conhecimento sobre o cérebro mudou radicalmente, permitindo que a neurociência adentrasse domínios tradicionalmente reservados às humanidades e às ciências sociais. Essa expansão suscitou críticas acerca das potenciais implicações e consequências do engajamento da neurociência na educação, no direito, na política e no próprio sujeito. Com base nessas preocupações, este estudo busca fomentar um diálogo entre duas perspectivas ontoepistemológicas: (1) a história epistemológica da constituição dos objetos científicos e dos ideais de objetividade e (2) as reflexões decoloniais e pós-coloniais sobre o conhecimento e sua história. A primeira ilumina a ontologia do cérebro como um objeto concebido como ahistórico, funcionando como condição de possibilidade da neurociência. Tal configuração favorece o florescimento da objetividade. A segunda revela como esses elementos operam como tecnologias de poder, apresentando, assim, a ciência moderna e seus objetos como universais, válidos e inevitáveis. O cérebro serve como estudo de caso para um diálogo que evidencia como a construção dos objetos científicos coincide com o ocultamento do sujeito. Especificamente, a subjetividade moderna é ocultada por trás desses objetos, enquanto sujeitos externos à modernidade são excluídos da produção científica. A gênese da objetividade se desenrola paralelamente à expansão imperial europeia, ancorando a autoridade epistêmica do cérebro moderno nos processos históricos que possibilitaram sua universalização.
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